MediaWiki API result
This is the HTML representation of the JSON format. HTML is good for debugging, but is unsuitable for application use.
Specify the format parameter to change the output format. To see the non-HTML representation of the JSON format, set format=json.
See the complete documentation, or the API help for more information.
{
"batchcomplete": "",
"continue": {
"gapcontinue": "Right_Atrium",
"continue": "gapcontinue||"
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"main": {
"*": "Subscribe to the mediawiki-api-announce mailing list at <https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-api-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/> for notice of API deprecations and breaking changes."
},
"revisions": {
"*": "Because \"rvslots\" was not specified, a legacy format has been used for the output. This format is deprecated, and in the future the new format will always be used."
}
},
"query": {
"pages": {
"162": {
"pageid": 162,
"ns": 0,
"title": "References",
"revisions": [
{
"contentformat": "text/x-wiki",
"contentmodel": "wikitext",
"*": "==Books==\n<biblio>\n#Otto isbn=978-0721607894\n#easy isbn=978-0443061882\n#Feigenbaum isbn=978-0781731980\n</biblio>\n==Online recources==\n*[https://techmed.sk/en/echo/new-examination/ Online free e-learning echocardiography (TECHmED)]\n*[http://www.asecho.org/ Am. Soc. of Echoc. Guidelines]\n*[http://www.halls.md/body-surface-area/bsa.htm Body Surface Area calculator]\n*[http://www2.umdnj.edu/%7Eshindler/abc.html Alphabetical Index of Echocardiographic Images and Text]\n*[http://www.echoincontext.com/ Echo in context]\n*[http://www2.umdnj.edu/%7Eshindler/eq2.html Echocardiographic Equations]\n*[http://www.echo-web.com/index.html Echoweb online course]\n*[http://www.drj.nl/pda/RAP.htm RAP estimates]\n*[http://www.anaesthetist.com/icu/organs/heart/tee/#top TEE views]\n*[http://www.ucsf.edu/teeecho/TEE/index.htm Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Intraoperative Exam]\n*[http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/chd/contents/index.html Yale Congenital Heart Disease]\n*[http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/contents.html Yale Echo atlas]"
}
]
},
"50": {
"pageid": 50,
"ns": 0,
"title": "Repository",
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{
"contentformat": "text/x-wiki",
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"*": "[[File:continuity_equation.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TEE_views.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig001.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig002.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig003.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig004.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig005.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig006.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig007.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig008.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig009.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig010.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:fig011.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n\n\n{{IncludeFlash\n|flash_string=<flash>file=MM0099.swf|quality=best|align=center|width=400|height=400</flash>\n|Description=gezondB\n|file_name=MM0099\n}}\n\n{{IncludeFlash\n|flash_string=<flash>file=MM0100.swf|quality=best|align=center|width=400|height=400</flash>\n|Description=HF-B\n|file_name=MM0100\n}}\n\n{{clr}}\n\n<!-- TABLE 1 -->\n\n==Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements==\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%;\"\n\n|+'''Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements'''\n!Parameter\n! \n!Mean \u00b1 SD (mm)\n!Range (mm)\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | \n| Right pulmonary artery diameter<sup>a</sup>\n| align=\"center\" | 17 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 12-22\n|-\n| Left upper pulmonary vein diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 11 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 7-16\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Left atrial appendage\n| Length\n| align=\"center\" | 28 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | 15-43\n|-\n| Diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 16 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | 10-28\n|-\n| Superior vena cava diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 15 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 8-20\n|-\n| Right ventricular outflow tract diameter<sup>b</sup>\n| align=\"center\" | 27 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 16-36\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Left atrium<sup>c</sup>\n| Anteroposterior diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 38 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 20-52\n|-\n| Medial-lateral diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 39 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 24-52\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Right atrium<sup>c</sup>\n| Anteroposterior diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 38 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | 28-52\n|-\n| Medial-lateral diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 38 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 29-53\n|-\n| Tricuspid annular diameter<sup>c</sup>\n| align=\"center\" | 28 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | 20-40\n|-\n| Mitral annular diameter<sup>c</sup>\n| align=\"center\" | 29 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 20-38\n|-\n| Coronary sinus diameter\n| align=\"center\" | 6.6 \u00b1 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | 4-10\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Left ventricle<sup>d</sup>\n| Anteroposterior diameter (diastole)\n| align=\"center\" | 43 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 33-55\n|-\n| Medial-lateral diameter (diastole)\n| align=\"center\" | 42 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 23-54\n|-\n| Anteroposterior diameter (systole)\n| align=\"center\" | 28 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 18-40\n|-\n| Medial-lateral diameter (systole)\n| align=\"center\" | 27 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 18-42\n|-\n| Aortic root diameter<sup>b</sup>\n| align=\"center\" | 28 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 21-34\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Descending thoracic aorta diameter\n| Proximal\n| align=\"center\" | 21 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 14-30\n|-\n| Distal\n| align=\"center\" | 20 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 13-28\n\n|-\n| colspan=\"4\" |\n<ul>\n<li><sup>a</sup>Right pulmonary artery diameter measured in midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view.</li>\n<li><sup>b</sup>Aortic root and right ventricular outflow tract diameters measured in the midesophageal right ventricular inflow/outflow tract view.</li>\n<li><sup>c</sup>Atrial (end-systole) and both mitral and tricuspid annular (mid-diastole) diameters measured in the midesophageal four-chamber view.</li>\n<li><sup>d</sup>Left ventricular dimensions measured in transgastric mid short-axis view.</li>\n<li>SD, standard deviation.</li>\n<li>Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. <em>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</em> 1995;8:221-230.</li>\n</ul>\n|}\n\n<!-- TABLE 3 -->\n\n==Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis==\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%;\"\n\n|+'''Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis'''\n! style=\"width:200px\" | Valve\n! style=\"width:50px\" | Size\n! style=\"width:50px\" | <em>n</em>\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Peak gradient<br/>(mm Hg)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Mean gradient<br/>(mm Hg)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Peak velocity<br/>(m/s)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Effective orifice area<br/>(cm<sup>2</sup>)\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | 47.7 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | 27 \u00b1 7.3\n| align=\"center\" | 3.44 \u00b1 0.47\n| align=\"center\" | 0.61 \u00b1 0.09\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | 47 \u00b1 12.6\n| align=\"center\" | 26.2 \u00b1 7.9\n| align=\"center\" | 3.41 \u00b1 0.43\n| align=\"center\" | 0.96 \u00b1 0.18\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 15\n| align=\"center\" | 25.5 \u00b1 6.1\n| align=\"center\" | 14.4 \u00b1 3.5\n| align=\"center\" | 2.4 \u00b1 0.39\n| align=\"center\" | 1.58 \u00b1 0.37\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 19 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 12\n| align=\"center\" | 17 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | 11 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.2 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 10\n| align=\"center\" | 14 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 9 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 11 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 8 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.1 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Biocor stentless (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 45\n| align=\"center\" | 35.97 \u00b1 4.06\n| align=\"center\" | 18 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 115\n| align=\"center\" | 29.15 \u00b1 8.28\n| align=\"center\" | 18.64 \u00b1 7.14\n| align=\"center\" | 3 \u00b1 0.6\n| align=\"center\" | 1.4 \u00b1 0.5\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 100\n| align=\"center\" | 28.65 \u00b1 6.6\n| align=\"center\" | 17.72 \u00b1 6.99\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.38\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 55\n| align=\"center\" | 25.87 \u00b1 2.81\n| align=\"center\" | 18 \u00b1 2.8\n| align=\"center\" | 2.7 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.46\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | \u226529\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 24 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Biocor extended stentless (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19–21\n| align=\"center\" | 12\n| align=\"center\" | 17.5 \u00b1 5.8\n| align=\"center\" | 9.7 \u00b1 3.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.3 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 18\n| align=\"center\" | 14.8 \u00b1 5.9\n| align=\"center\" | 8.1 \u00b1 3.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 14.2 \u00b1 3.5\n| align=\"center\" | 7.7 \u00b1 1.9\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Bioflo pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 37.25 \u00b1 8.65\n| align=\"center\" | 24.15 \u00b1 5.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 0.77 \u00b1 0.11\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | 28.7 \u00b1 6.2\n| align=\"center\" | 18.7 \u00b1 5.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.1 \u00b1 0.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 20.7 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 125 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.3 \u00b1 0.09\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Bj\u00f6rk-Shiley monostrut (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 37\n| align=\"center\" | 46.0\n| align=\"center\" | 26.67 \u00b1 7.87\n| align=\"center\" | 3.3 \u00b1 0.6\n| align=\"center\" | 0.94 \u00b1 0.19\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 161\n| align=\"center\" | 32.41 \u00b1 9.73\n| align=\"center\" | 18.64 \u00b1 6.09\n| align=\"center\" | 2.9 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 153\n| align=\"center\" | 26.52 \u00b1 9.67\n| align=\"center\" | 14.5 \u00b1 6.2\n| align=\"center\" | 2.7 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 89\n| align=\"center\" | 22.33 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 13.3 \u00b1 4.96\n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 61\n| align=\"center\" | 18.31 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | 10.41 \u00b1 4.38\n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | 7.67 \u00b1 4.36\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"8\" | Bj\u00f6rk-Shiley spherical (tilting disk) or not specified\n| align=\"center\" | 17\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.1 \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | 27.0\n| align=\"center\" | 21.8 \u00b1 3.4\n| align=\"center\" | 3.8\n| align=\"center\" | 1.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 18\n| align=\"center\" | 38.94 \u00b1 11.93\n| align=\"center\" | 17.34 \u00b1 6.86\n| align=\"center\" | 2.92 \u00b1 0.88\n| align=\"center\" | 1.1 \u00b1 0.25\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 41\n| align=\"center\" | 33.86 \u00b1 11\n| align=\"center\" | 11.5 \u00b1 4.55\n| align=\"center\" | 2.42 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | 1.22 \u00b1 0.23\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 39\n| align=\"center\" | 20.39 \u00b1 7.07\n| align=\"center\" | 10.67 \u00b1 4.31\n| align=\"center\" | 2.06 \u00b1 0.28\n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.32\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 19.44 \u00b1 7.99\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.77 \u00b1 0.12\n| align=\"center\" | 2.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 21.1 \u00b1 7.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.87 \u00b1 0.18\n| align=\"center\" | 2.52 \u00b1 0.69\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 \u00b1 0.14\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | Carbomedics (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 17\n| align=\"center\" | 7\n| align=\"center\" | 33.4 \u00b1 13.2\n| align=\"center\" | 20.1 \u00b1 7.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.02 \u00b1 0.2 \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 63\n| align=\"center\" | 33.3 \u00b1 11.19\n| align=\"center\" | 11.61 \u00b1 5.08\n| align=\"center\" | 3.09 \u00b1 0.38\n| align=\"center\" | 1.25 \u00b1 0.36\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 111\n| align=\"center\" | 26.31 \u00b1 10.25\n| align=\"center\" | 12.68 \u00b1 4.29\n| align=\"center\" | 2.61 \u00b1 0.51\n| align=\"center\" | 1.42 \u00b1 0.36\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 120\n| align=\"center\" | 24.61 \u00b1 6.93\n| align=\"center\" | 11.33 \u00b1 3.8\n| align=\"center\" | 2.42 \u00b1 0.37\n| align=\"center\" | 1.69 \u00b1 0.29\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 103\n| align=\"center\" | 20.25 \u00b1 8.69\n| align=\"center\" | 9.34 \u00b1 4.65\n| align=\"center\" | 2.25 \u00b1 0.34\n| align=\"center\" | 2.04 \u00b1 0.37\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 57\n| align=\"center\" | 19.05 \u00b1 7.04\n| align=\"center\" | 8.41 \u00b1 2.83\n| align=\"center\" | 2.18 \u00b1 0.36\n| align=\"center\" | 2.55 \u00b1 0.34\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | 12.53 \u00b1 4.69\n| align=\"center\" | 5.8 \u00b1 3.2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.93 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | 2.63 \u00b1 0.38\n\n|-\n| Carbomedics reduced (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 10\n| align=\"center\" | 43.4 \u00b1 1.8\n| align=\"center\" | 24.4 \u00b1 1.2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.22 \u00b1 0.08\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Carbomedics supraannular top hat (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 29.04 \u00b1 10.1\n| align=\"center\" | 19.5 \u00b1 2.12\n| align=\"center\" | 1.8\n| align=\"center\" | 1 \u00b1 0.18\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 29.61 \u00b1 8.93\n| align=\"center\" | 16.59 \u00b1 5.79\n| align=\"center\" | 2.62 \u00b1 0.35\n| align=\"center\" | 1.18 \u00b1 0.33\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 24.38 \u00b1 7.53\n| align=\"center\" | 13.29 \u00b1 3.73\n| align=\"center\" | 2.36 \u00b1 0.55\n| align=\"center\" | 1.37 \u00b1 0.37\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 22.0\n| align=\"center\" | 11.0\n| align=\"center\" | 2.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | Carpentier-Edwards (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 56\n| align=\"center\" | 43.48 \u00b1 12.72\n| align=\"center\" | 25.6 \u00b1 8.02\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 0.85 \u00b1 0.17\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 73\n| align=\"center\" | 27.73 \u00b1 7.6\n| align=\"center\" | 17.25 \u00b1 6.24\n| align=\"center\" | 2.37 \u00b1 0.54\n| align=\"center\" | 1.48 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 100\n| align=\"center\" | 28.93 \u00b1 7.49\n| align=\"center\" | 15.92 \u00b1 6.43\n| align=\"center\" | 2.76 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | 1.69 \u00b1 0.45\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 85\n| align=\"center\" | 23.95 \u00b1 7.05\n| align=\"center\" | 12.76 \u00b1 4.43\n| align=\"center\" | 2.38 \u00b1 0.47\n| align=\"center\" | 1.94 \u00b1 0.45\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 50\n| align=\"center\" | 22.14 \u00b1 8.24\n| align=\"center\" | 12.33 \u00b1 5.59\n| align=\"center\" | 2.31 \u00b1 0.39\n| align=\"center\" | 2.25 \u00b1 0.55\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 24\n| align=\"center\" | 22.0\n| align=\"center\" | 9.92 \u00b1 2.9\n| align=\"center\" | 2.44 \u00b1 0.43\n| align=\"center\" | 2.84 \u00b1 0.51\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.41 \u00b1 0.13\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Carpentier-Edwards pericardial (stented prosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 32.13 \u00b1 3.35\n| align=\"center\" | 24.19 \u00b1 8.6\n| align=\"center\" | 2.83 \u00b1 0.14\n| align=\"center\" | 1.21 \u00b1 0.31\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 34\n| align=\"center\" | 25.69 \u00b1 9.9\n| align=\"center\" | 20.3 \u00b1 9.08\n| align=\"center\" | 2.59 \u00b1 0.42\n| align=\"center\" | 1.47 \u00b1 0.36\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 21.72 \u00b1 8.57\n| align=\"center\" | 13.01 \u00b1 5.27\n| align=\"center\" | 2.29 \u00b1 0.45\n| align=\"center\" | 1.75 \u00b1 0.28\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 16.46 \u00b1 5.41\n| align=\"center\" | 9.04 \u00b1 2.27\n| align=\"center\" | 2.02 \u00b1 0.31\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 19.2\n| align=\"center\" | 5.6\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 17.6\n| align=\"center\" | 11.6\n| align=\"center\" | 2.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Carpentier-Edwards supraannular AV (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 15\n| align=\"center\" | 34.1 \u00b1 2.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.1 \u00b1 0.09\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 25 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | 14 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.06 \u00b1 0.16\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | CryoLife O'Brien stentless (stentless prothesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 47\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 4.8\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.25 \u00b1 0.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 163\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 10.33 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.57 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 40\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 8.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 40\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7.9\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 39\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.7\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Duromedics (Tekna; bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 19.08 \u00b1 16\n| align=\"center\" | 8.98 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 12\n| align=\"center\" | 19.87 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 7 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 2.64 \u00b1 0.27 \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 18\n| align=\"center\" | 21 \u00b1 9\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 2.34 \u00b1 0.38\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 15\n| align=\"center\" | 22.5 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | 6 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 1.88 \u00b1 0.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 13.0\n| align=\"center\" | 3.4\n| align=\"center\" | 2.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Edwards Prima stentless (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 7\n| align=\"center\" | 30.9 \u00b1 11.7\n| align=\"center\" | 15.4 \u00b1 7.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 31.22 \u00b1 17.35\n| align=\"center\" | 16.36 \u00b1 11.36\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.25 \u00b1 0.29\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 62\n| align=\"center\" | 23.39 \u00b1 10.17\n| align=\"center\" | 11.52 \u00b1 5.26\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | 1.49 \u00b1 0.46\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 97\n| align=\"center\" | 19.74 \u00b1 10.36\n| align=\"center\" | 10.77 \u00b1 9.32\n| align=\"center\" | 2.7 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.55\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 46\n| align=\"center\" | 15.9 \u00b1 7.3\n| align=\"center\" | 7.1 \u00b1 3.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 11\n| align=\"center\" | 11.21 \u00b1 8.6\n| align=\"center\" | 5.03 \u00b1 4.53\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.49 \u00b1 0.52\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Hancock I (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 19.09 \u00b1 4.35\n| align=\"center\" | 12.36 \u00b1 3.82\n| align=\"center\" | 2.94 \u00b1 0.24\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 17.61 \u00b1 3.13\n| align=\"center\" | 11 \u00b1 2.85\n| align=\"center\" | 2.36 \u00b1 0.37\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 18.11 \u00b1 6.92\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 3.46\n| align=\"center\" | 2.4 \u00b1 0.36\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.23 \u00b1 0.04\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Hancock II (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 39\n| align=\"center\" | 20 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 14.8 \u00b1 4.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.23 \u00b1 0.27\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23 \n| align=\"center\" |119\n| align=\"center\" | 24.72 \u00b1 5.73\n| align=\"center\" | 16.64 \u00b1 6.91\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.39 \u00b1 0.23\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 114\n| align=\"center\" | 20 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 10.7 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.47 \u00b1 0.19\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 113\n| align=\"center\" | 14 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.55 \u00b1 0.18\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 35\n| align=\"center\" | 15 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.15\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | Ionescu-Shiley (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 17\n| align=\"center\" | 11\n| align=\"center\" | 42.0\n| align=\"center\" | 21.1 \u00b1 3.21\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 0.86 \u00b1 0.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 63\n| align=\"center\" | 23.17 \u00b1 6.58\n| align=\"center\" | 20.44 \u00b1 8.47\n| align=\"center\" | 2.63 \u00b1 0.32\n| align=\"center\" | 1.15 \u00b1 0.18\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 11\n| align=\"center\" | 27.63 \u00b1 8.34\n| align=\"center\" | 15.1 \u00b1 1.56\n| align=\"center\" | 2.75 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 18.09 \u00b1 6.49\n| align=\"center\" | 9.9 \u00b1 2.85\n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 0.38\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 18.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 14.75 \u00b1 2.17\n| align=\"center\" | 8.97 \u00b1 0.57\n| align=\"center\" | 1.92 \u00b1 0.14\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 16.0\n| align=\"center\" | 7.3\n| align=\"center\" | 2.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Jyros bileaflet (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 17.3\n| align=\"center\" | 10.8\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.5\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 24\n| align=\"center\" | 7\n| align=\"center\" | 18.6\n| align=\"center\" | 11.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.5\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 14.4\n| align=\"center\" | 8.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 28\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 10.0\n| align=\"center\" | 5.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.9\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 8.0\n| align=\"center\" | 6.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.6\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Lillehei-Kaster (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.43 \u00b1 0.39\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 18\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.85 \u00b1 0.21\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Medtronic Freestyle stentless (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 11\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 13.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 85\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7.99 \u00b1 2.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.32\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 141\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7.24 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.5\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 164\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 5.35 \u00b1 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.03 \u00b1 0.41\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 105\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.72 \u00b1 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 0.47\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Medtronic-Hall (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 24\n| align=\"center\" | 34.37 \u00b1 13.06\n| align=\"center\" | 17.08 \u00b1 5.28\n| align=\"center\" | 2.9 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | 1.21 \u00b1 0.45\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 26.86 \u00b1 10.54\n| align=\"center\" | 14.1 \u00b1 5.93\n| align=\"center\" | 2.42 \u00b1 0.36\n| align=\"center\" | 1.08 \u00b1 0.17\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 26.85 \u00b1 8.85\n| align=\"center\" | 13.5 \u00b1 4.79\n| align=\"center\" | 2.43 \u00b1 0.59\n| align=\"center\" | 1.36 \u00b1 0.39\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 17\n| align=\"center\" | 17.13 \u00b1 7.04\n| align=\"center\" | 9.53 \u00b1 4.26\n| align=\"center\" | 2.29 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.47\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 18.66 \u00b1 9.71\n| align=\"center\" | 8.66 \u00b1 5.56\n| align=\"center\" | 2.07 \u00b1 0.53\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.16\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Medtronic intact (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 39.43 \u00b1 15.4\n| align=\"center\" | 23.71 \u00b1 9.3\n| align=\"center\" | 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 55\n| align=\"center\" | 33.9 \u00b1 12.69\n| align=\"center\" | 18.74 \u00b1 8.03\n| align=\"center\" | 2.73 \u00b1 0.44\n| align=\"center\" | 1.55 \u00b1 0.39\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 110\n| align=\"center\" | 31.27 \u00b1 9.62\n| align=\"center\" | 18.88 \u00b1 6.17\n| align=\"center\" | 2.74 \u00b1 0.37\n| align=\"center\" | 1.64 \u00b1 0.37\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 41\n| align=\"center\" | 27.34 \u00b1 10.59\n| align=\"center\" | 16.4 \u00b1 6.05\n| align=\"center\" | 2.6 \u00b1 0.44\n| align=\"center\" | 1.85 \u00b1 0.25\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 25.27 \u00b1 7.58\n| align=\"center\" | 15 \u00b1 3.94\n| align=\"center\" | 2.51 \u00b1 0.38\n| align=\"center\" | 2.2 \u00b1 0.17\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 31.0\n| align=\"center\" | 15.6 \u00b1 2.1\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8\n| align=\"center\" | 2.38 \u00b1 0.54\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Medtronic Mosaic, porcine (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 51\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 12.43 \u00b1 7.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.7\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 121\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 12.47 \u00b1 7.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 \u00b1 0.8\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 71\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 10.08 \u00b1 5.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 \u00b1 1.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 9.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 9.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Mitroflow (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 18.7 \u00b1 5.1\n| align=\"center\" | 10.3 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.13 \u00b1 0.17\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 7\n| align=\"center\" | 20.2\n| align=\"center\" | 15.4\n| align=\"center\" | 2.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 14.04 \u00b1 4.91\n| align=\"center\" | 7.56 \u00b1 3.38\n| align=\"center\" | 1.85 \u00b1 0.34\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | 17 \u00b1 11.31\n| align=\"center\" | 10.8 \u00b1 6.51\n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.71\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 6.57 \u00b1 1.7\n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | O'Brien-Angell stentless (annular position; stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 14.5 \u00b1 7.77\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.15 \u00b1 0.07\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 50\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 19 \u00b1 12.72\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.12 \u00b1 0.25\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 18 \u00b1 12.72\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.55 \u00b1 0.21\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 7.07\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.05 \u00b1 1.2\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | O'Brien-Angell stentless (supraannular position; stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 9 \u00b1 1.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.58 \u00b1 0.58\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 50\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7.5 \u00b1 0.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.37 \u00b1 0.18\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 8.5 \u00b1 0.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.85 \u00b1 0.87\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7 \u00b1 1.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.7 \u00b1 0.42\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Omnicarbon (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 71\n| align=\"center\" | 36.79 \u00b1 12.59\n| align=\"center\" | 19.4 \u00b1 5.46\n| align=\"center\" | 2.93 \u00b1 0.47\n| align=\"center\" | 1.25 \u00b1 0.43\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 83\n| align=\"center\" | 29.33 \u00b1 9.67\n| align=\"center\" | 17.98 \u00b1 6.06\n| align=\"center\" | 2.66 \u00b1 0.44\n| align=\"center\" | 1.49 \u00b1 0.34\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 81\n| align=\"center\" | 24.29 \u00b1 7.71\n| align=\"center\" | 13.51 \u00b1 3.85\n| align=\"center\" | 2.32 \u00b1 0.38\n| align=\"center\" | 1.94 \u00b1 0.52\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 40\n| align=\"center\" | 19.63 \u00b1 4.34\n| align=\"center\" | 12.06 \u00b1 2.98\n| align=\"center\" | 2.08 \u00b1 0.35\n| align=\"center\" | 2.11 \u00b1 0.46\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 17.12 \u00b1 1.53\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 1.53\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.06\n| align=\"center\" | 2.27 \u00b1 0.23\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Omniscience (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | 47.5 \u00b1 3.5\n| align=\"center\" | 28 \u00b1 1.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 0.81 \u00b1 0.01\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 50.8 \u00b1 2.8\n| align=\"center\" | 28.2 \u00b1 2.17\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 0.87 \u00b1 0.13\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 39.8 \u00b1 8.7\n| align=\"center\" | 20.1 \u00b1 5.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 0.98 \u00b1 0.07\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | On-X (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | 21.3 \u00b1 10.8\n| align=\"center\" | 11.8 \u00b1 3.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.5 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 11\n| align=\"center\" | 16.4 \u00b1 5.9\n| align=\"center\" | 9.9 \u00b1 3.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 15.9 \u00b1 6.4\n| align=\"center\" | 8.5 \u00b1 3.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 12\n| align=\"center\" | 16.5 \u00b1 10.2\n| align=\"center\" | 9 \u00b1 5.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.4 \u00b1 0.8\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27–29\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 11.4 \u00b1 4.6\n| align=\"center\" | 5.6 \u00b1 2.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.2 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Sorin Allcarbon (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 7\n| align=\"center\" | 44 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | 29 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | 3.3 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 0.9 \u00b1 0.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 36.52 \u00b1 9.61\n| align=\"center\" | 21.07 \u00b1 6.72\n| align=\"center\" | 2.93 + 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.08 \u00b1 0.19\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 37\n| align=\"center\" | 34.97 \u00b1 10.97\n| align=\"center\" | 18.72 \u00b1 6.49\n| align=\"center\" | 2.9 \u00b1 0.41\n| align=\"center\" | 1.31 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 22 \u00b1 4.68\n| align=\"center\" | 13.85 \u00b1 3.97\n| align=\"center\" | 2.37 \u00b1 0.23\n| align=\"center\" | 1.96 \u00b1 0.71\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 13\n| align=\"center\" | 16.3 \u00b1 3.3\n| align=\"center\" | 10.15 \u00b1 3.76\n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | 2.51 \u00b1 0.57\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 8 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 4.1 \u00b1 0.7\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Sorin Bicarbon (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 29.53 \u00b1 4.46\n| align=\"center\" | 16.35 \u00b1 1.99\n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 1.36 \u00b1 0.13\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 70\n| align=\"center\" | 24.52 \u00b1 7.1\n| align=\"center\" | 12.54 \u00b1 3.3\n| align=\"center\" | 2.46 \u00b1 0.31\n| align=\"center\" | 1.46 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 71\n| align=\"center\" | 17.79 \u00b1 6.1\n| align=\"center\" | 9.61 \u00b1 3.3\n| align=\"center\" | 2.11 \u00b1 0.24\n| align=\"center\" | 1.98 \u00b1 0.23\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 40\n| align=\"center\" | 18.46 \u00b1 3.1\n| align=\"center\" | 10.05 \u00b1 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | 2.25 \u00b1 0.19\n| align=\"center\" | 2.39 \u00b1 0.29\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 3.25\n| align=\"center\" | 7 \u00b1 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.73 \u00b1 0.21\n| align=\"center\" | 3.06 \u00b1 0.47\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 9 \u00b1 1.25\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.51 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 3.45 \u00b1 0.02\n\n|-\n| Sorin Pericarbon (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 15\n| align=\"center\" | 39 \u00b1 13\n| align=\"center\" | 25 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.0\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | St. Jude Medical (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 100\n| align=\"center\" | 35.17 \u00b1 11.16\n| align=\"center\" | 18.96 \u00b1 6.27\n| align=\"center\" | 2.86 \u00b1 0.48\n| align=\"center\" | 1.01 \u00b1 0.24\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 207\n| align=\"center\" | 28.34 \u00b1 9.94\n| align=\"center\" | 15.82 \u00b1 5.67\n| align=\"center\" | 2.63 \u00b1 0.48\n| align=\"center\" | 1.33 \u00b1 0.32\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 236\n| align=\"center\" | 25.28 \u00b1 7.89\n| align=\"center\" | 13.77 \u00b1 5.33\n| align=\"center\" | 2.57 \u00b1 0.44\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.43\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 169\n| align=\"center\" | 22.57 \u00b1 7.68\n| align=\"center\" | 12.65 \u00b1 5.14\n| align=\"center\" | 2.4 \u00b1 0.45\n| align=\"center\" | 1.93 \u00b1 0.45\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 82\n| align=\"center\" | 19.85 \u00b1 7.55\n| align=\"center\" | 11.18 \u00b1 4.82\n| align=\"center\" | 2.24 \u00b1 0.42\n| align=\"center\" | 2.35 \u00b1 0.59\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 18\n| align=\"center\" | 17.72 \u00b1 6.42\n| align=\"center\" | 9.86 \u00b1 2.9\n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 2.81 \u00b1 0.57\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 16.0\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 \u00b1 0.6\n| align=\"center\" | 3.08 \u00b1 1.09\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | St. Jude Medical Hemodynamic Plus (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 19\n| align=\"center\" | 25.81 \u00b1 7.52\n| align=\"center\" | 16.44 \u00b1 3.57\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.65 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 18.9 \u00b1 7.31\n| align=\"center\" | 9.62 \u00b1 3.37\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.15 \u00b1 0.29\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | Starr-Edwards (ball-and-cage)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | 29.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.0\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 32.6 \u00b1 12.79\n| align=\"center\" | 21.98 \u00b1 8.8\n| align=\"center\" | 3.5 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 24\n| align=\"center\" | 43\n| align=\"center\" | 34.13 \u00b1 10.33\n| align=\"center\" | 22.09 \u00b1 7.54\n| align=\"center\" | 3.35 \u00b1 0.48\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 31.83 \u00b1 9.01\n| align=\"center\" | 19.69 \u00b1 6.05\n| align=\"center\" | 3.18 \u00b1 0.35\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 30.82 \u00b1 6.3\n| align=\"center\" | 18.5 \u00b1 3.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.8\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 29 \u00b1 9.3\n| align=\"center\" | 16.3 \u00b1 5.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"8\" | Stentless porcine xenograft (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 14 \u00b1 5\n| align=\"center\" | 8.7 \u00b1 3.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.33 \u00b1 0.38\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 16 \u00b1 5.6\n| align=\"center\" | 9.7 \u00b1 3.7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.32 \u00b1 0.48\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 4.8\n| align=\"center\" | 7.7 \u00b1 2.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.59 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 24\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 3.8\n| align=\"center\" | 7.7 \u00b1 2.2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.4 \u00b1 0.01\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | 11.5 \u00b1 7.1\n| align=\"center\" | 7.4 \u00b1 4.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.13 \u00b1 0.7\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 10.7\n| align=\"center\" | 7 \u00b1 2.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.15 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 9.2\n| align=\"center\" | 5.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 28\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 7.5\n| align=\"center\" | 4.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.3\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | Toronto stentless, porcine (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 10.9\n| align=\"center\" | 4.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | 18.64 \u00b1 11.8\n| align=\"center\" | 7.56 \u00b1 4.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.21 \u00b1 0.7\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 23.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 84\n| align=\"center\" | 13.55 \u00b1 7.28\n| align=\"center\" | 7.08 \u00b1 4.33\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.59 \u00b1 0.84\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 190\n| align=\"center\" | 12.17 \u00b1 5.75\n| align=\"center\" | 6.2 \u00b1 3.05\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.62 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 240\n| align=\"center\" | 9.96 \u00b1 4.56\n| align=\"center\" | 4.8 \u00b1 2.33\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.95 \u00b1 0.42\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 200\n| align=\"center\" | 7.91 \u00b1 4.17\n| align=\"center\" | 3.94 \u00b1 2.15\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.37 \u00b1 0.67\n\n|}\n\n==Normal Doppler echocardiographic values for mitral valve prosthesis==\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%;\"\n\n|+'''Normal Doppler echocardiographic values for mitral valve prosthesis'''\n! style=\"width:200px\" | Valve\n! style=\"width:50px\" | Size\n! style=\"width:50px\" | <em>n</em>\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Peak gradient<br/>(mm Hg)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Mean gradient<br/>(mm Hg)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Peak velocity<br/>(m/s)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Pressure half-time<br/>(ms)\n! style=\"width:100px\" | Effective orifice area<br/>(cm<sup>2</sup>)\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Biocor (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 14 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 11.5 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Bioflo pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 6.3 \u00b1 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 9.5 \u00b1 2.6\n| align=\"center\" | 5.4 \u00b1 1.2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 2.8\n| align=\"center\" | 3.6 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.4 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 4.0\n| align=\"center\" | 2.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.3\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Bj\u00f6rk-Shiley (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7\n| align=\"center\" | 115\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 6 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.75 \u00b1 0.38\n| align=\"center\" | 99 \u00b1 27\n| align=\"center\" | 1.72 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 34\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.49\n| align=\"center\" | 89 \u00b1 28\n| align=\"center\" | 1.81 \u00b1 0.54\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 7.83 \u00b1 2.93\n| align=\"center\" | 2.83 \u00b1 1.27\n| align=\"center\" | 1.37 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | 79 \u00b1 17\n| align=\"center\" | 2.1 \u00b1 0.43\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 6 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 1.9\n| align=\"center\" | 1.41 \u00b1 0.26\n| align=\"center\" | 70 \u00b1 14\n| align=\"center\" | 2.2 \u00b1 0.3\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Bj\u00f6rk-Shiley monostrut (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 5.0\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 102\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | 5.57 \u00b1 2.3\n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 83\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | 4.53 \u00b1 2.2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 4.26 \u00b1 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 14 \u00b1 4.5\n| align=\"center\" | 4.9 \u00b1 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Carbomedics (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 126 \u00b1 7\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 12\n| align=\"center\" | 10.3 \u00b1 2.3\n| align=\"center\" | 3.6 \u00b1 0.6\n| align=\"center\" | 1.3 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 93 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | 2.9 + 0.8\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 78\n| align=\"center\" | 8.79 \u00b1 3.46\n| align=\"center\" | 3.46 \u00b1 1.03\n| align=\"center\" | 1.61 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 89 \u00b1 20\n| align=\"center\" | 2.9 + 0.75\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 46\n| align=\"center\" | 8.78 \u00b1 2.9\n| align=\"center\" | 3.39 \u00b1 0.97\n| align=\"center\" | 1.52 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 88 \u00b1 17\n| align=\"center\" | 2.3 + 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 57\n| align=\"center\" | 8.87 \u00b1 2.34\n| align=\"center\" | 3.32 \u00b1 0.87\n| align=\"center\" | 1.01 \u00b1 0.29\n| align=\"center\" | 92 \u00b1 24\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8 + 1.14\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 8.8 \u00b1 2.2\n| align=\"center\" | 4.8 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.5 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | 93 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Carpentier-Edwards (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 6 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 98 \u00b1 28\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.7 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.76 \u00b1 0.27\n| align=\"center\" | 92 \u00b1 14\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.4 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 1.54 \u00b1 0.15\n| align=\"center\" | 92 \u00b1 19\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 6 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 93 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Carpentier-Edwards pericardial(stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.6\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | 100\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 5.25 \u00b1 2.36\n| align=\"center\" | 1.67 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 110 \u00b1 15\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.05 \u00b1 0.83\n| align=\"center\" | 1.53 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 90 \u00b1 11\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.0\n| align=\"center\" | 0.8\n| align=\"center\" | 80\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Duromedics (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 75 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 3 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 161 \u00b1 40\n| align=\"center\" | 85 \u00b1 22\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 21\n| align=\"center\" | 10.5 \u00b1 4.37\n| align=\"center\" | 3.3 \u00b1 1.36\n| align=\"center\" | 140 \u00b1 25\n| align=\"center\" | 81 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 11.2\n| align=\"center\" | 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | 138 \u00b1 27\n| align=\"center\" | 85\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Hancock I or not specified (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.3 \u00b1 0.8\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 13\n| align=\"center\" | 7 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 2.46 \u00b1 0.79\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 115 \u00b1 20\n| align=\"center\" | 1.5 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 086\n| align=\"center\" | 4.86 \u00b1 1.69\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 95 \u00b1 17\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 3 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 3.87 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 90 \u00b1 12\n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.2\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Hancock II (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.21 \u00b1 0.14\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 64\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.77 \u00b1 0.11\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 90\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.84 \u00b1 0.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.15 \u00b1 0.22\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Hancock pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.61 \u00b1 1.39\n| align=\"center\" | 1.42 \u00b1 0.14\n| align=\"center\" | 105 \u00b1 36\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.57 \u00b1 1.02\n| align=\"center\" | 1.51 \u00b1 0.27\n| align=\"center\" | 81 \u00b1 23\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Ionescu-Shiley (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.87 \u00b1 1.08\n| align=\"center\" | 1.43 \u00b1 0.15\n| align=\"center\" | 93 \u00b1 11\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.21 \u00b1 0.82\n| align=\"center\" | 1.31 \u00b1 0.24\n| align=\"center\" | 100 \u00b1 28\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.22 \u00b1 0.57\n| align=\"center\" | 1.38 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | 85 \u00b1 8\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.63 \u00b1 0.9\n| align=\"center\" | 1.45 \u00b1 0.06\n| align=\"center\" | 100 \u00b1 36\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Ionescu-Shiley low profile (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 13\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.31 \u00b1 0.96\n| align=\"center\" | 1.36 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | 80 \u00b1 30\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 10\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.74 \u00b1 0.37\n| align=\"center\" | 1.33 \u00b1 0.14\n| align=\"center\" | 79 \u00b1 15\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Labcor-Santiago pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | 8.7\n| align=\"center\" | 4.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 97\n| align=\"center\" | 2.2\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 5.6 \u00b1 2.3\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8 \u00b1 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 85 \u00b1 18\n| align=\"center\" | 2.12 \u00b1 0.48\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 6.2 \u00b1 2.1\n| align=\"center\" | 3 \u00b1 1.3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 80 \u00b1 34\n| align=\"center\" | 2.11 \u00b1 0.73\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Lillehei-Kaster (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 18\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7\n| align=\"center\" | 140\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7\n| align=\"center\" | 67\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.56 \u00b1 0.09\n| align=\"center\" | 94 \u00b1 22\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.38 \u00b1 0.27\n| align=\"center\" | 124 \u00b1 46\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Medtronic-Hall (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.4\n| align=\"center\" | 78\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.57 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 69 \u00b1 15\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 7\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.45 \u00b1 0.12\n| align=\"center\" | 77 \u00b1 17\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Medtronic Intact, porcine (stented prosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.5 \u00b1 0.51\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.22\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.2 \u00b1 1.44\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.26\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 13\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 1.3\n| align=\"center\" | 1.4 \u00b1 0.24\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 35\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.2 \u00b1 1.77\n| align=\"center\" | 1.3 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Mitroflow (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 6.9\n| align=\"center\" | 2.0\n| align=\"center\" | 90\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.07 \u00b1 0.91\n| align=\"center\" | 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | 90 \u00b1 20\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 15\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.5 \u00b1 1.65\n| align=\"center\" | 1.43 \u00b1 0.29\n| align=\"center\" | 102 \u00b1 21\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 5\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.85 \u00b1 0.81\n| align=\"center\" | 1.32 \u00b1 0.26\n| align=\"center\" | 91 \u00b1 22\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | Omnicarbon (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 8.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 6.05 \u00b1 1.81\n| align=\"center\" | 1.77 \u00b1 0.24\n| align=\"center\" | 102 \u00b1 16\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.89 \u00b1 2.05\n| align=\"center\" | 1.63 \u00b1 0.36\n| align=\"center\" | 105 \u00b1 33\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 34\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.93 \u00b1 2.16\n| align=\"center\" | 1.56 \u00b1 0.27\n| align=\"center\" | 120 \u00b1 40\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 58\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.18 \u00b1 1.4\n| align=\"center\" | 1.3 \u00b1 0.23\n| align=\"center\" | 134 \u00b1 31\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 33\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | On-X (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 11.5 \u00b1 3.2\n| align=\"center\" | 5.3 \u00b1 2.1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 1.1\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27–29 \n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 10.3 \u00b1 4.5\n| align=\"center\" | 4.5 \u00b1 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.2 \u00b1 0.5\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31–33\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | 9.8 \u00b1 3.8\n| align=\"center\" | 4.8 \u00b1 2.4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 1.1\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Sorin Allcarbon (tilting disk)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 8\n| align=\"center\" | 15 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 2 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | 105 \u00b1 29\n| align=\"center\" | 2.2 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 20\n| align=\"center\" | 13 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 1.8 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 89 \u00b1 14\n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 0.5\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 34\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 2\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.2\n| align=\"center\" | 85 \u00b1 23\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8 \u00b1 0.7\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 11\n| align=\"center\" | 9 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6 \u00b1 0.1\n| align=\"center\" | 88 \u00b1 27\n| align=\"center\" | 2.8 \u00b1 0.9\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Sorin Bicarbon (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 3\n| align=\"center\" | 15 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.95 \u00b1 0.02\n| align=\"center\" | 70 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 11 \u00b1 2.75\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 0.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.65 \u00b1 0.21\n| align=\"center\" | 82 \u00b1 20\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 1.25\n| align=\"center\" | 1.73 \u00b1 0.22\n| align=\"center\" | 80 \u00b1 14\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | 4 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 1.66 \u00b1 0.11\n| align=\"center\" | 83 \u00b1 14\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | St. Jude Medical (bileaflet)\n| align=\"center\" | 23\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 4.0\n| align=\"center\" | 1.5\n| align=\"center\" | 160\n| align=\"center\" | 1.0\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 4\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.5 \u00b1 1\n| align=\"center\" | 1.34 \u00b1 1.12\n| align=\"center\" | 75 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 1.35 \u00b1 0.17\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | 16\n| align=\"center\" | 11 \u00b1 4\n| align=\"center\" | 5 \u00b1 1.82\n| align=\"center\" | 1.61 \u00b1 0.29\n| align=\"center\" | 75 \u00b1 10\n| align=\"center\" | 1.67 \u00b1 0.17\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 40\n| align=\"center\" | 10 \u00b1 3\n| align=\"center\" | 4.15 \u00b1 1.8\n| align=\"center\" | 1.57 \u00b1 0.29\n| align=\"center\" | 85 \u00b1 10\n| align=\"center\" | 1.75 \u00b1 0.24\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 41\n| align=\"center\" | 12 \u00b1 6\n| align=\"center\" | 4.46 \u00b1 2.22\n| align=\"center\" | 1.59 \u00b1 0.33\n| align=\"center\" | 74 \u00b1 13\n| align=\"center\" | 2.03 \u00b1 0.32\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | Starr-Edwards (ball-and-cage)\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 10.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 28\n| align=\"center\" | 27\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 7 \u00b1 2.75\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.9 \u00b1 0.57\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 25\n| align=\"center\" | 12.2 \u00b1 4.6\n| align=\"center\" | 6.99 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 125 \u00b1 25\n| align=\"center\" | 1.65 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 32\n| align=\"center\" | 17\n| align=\"center\" | 11.5 \u00b1 4.2\n| align=\"center\" | 5.08 \u00b1 2.5\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.3\n| align=\"center\" | 110 \u00b1 25\n| align=\"center\" | 1.95 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 34\n| align=\"center\" | 1\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 5.0\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.6\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial (stentless bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 26\n| align=\"center\" | 2\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.2 \u00b1 1.7\n| align=\"center\" | 1.6\n| align=\"center\" | 103 \u00b1 31\n| align=\"center\" | 1.7\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 28\n| align=\"center\" | 14\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.58 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.7 \u00b1 0.6\n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 30\n| align=\"center\" | 6\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 1.42 \u00b1 0.32\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 2.3 \u00b1 0.4\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Wessex (stented bioprosthesis)\n| align=\"center\" | 29\n| align=\"center\" | 9\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.69 \u00b1 0.61\n| align=\"center\" | 1.66 \u00b1 0.17\n| align=\"center\" | 83 \u00b1 19\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|-\n| align=\"center\" | 31\n| align=\"center\" | 22\n| align=\"center\" | \n| align=\"center\" | 3.31 \u00b1 0.83\n| align=\"center\" | 1.41 \u00b1 0.25\n| align=\"center\" | 80 \u00b1 21\n| align=\"center\" | \n\n|}\n\n==Transesophageal Echocardiographic Anatomy==\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%;\"\n\n|+'''Transesophageal Echocardiographic Anatomy'''\n! ME two-chamber\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~14 cm\n\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>LA appendage</li>\n <li>Mass/thrombus</li>\n <li>LV apex pathology</li>\n <li>LV systolic dysfunction (apical segments)</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>LA appendage</li>\n <li>Mitral valve</li>\n <li>LV apex (i.e., maximal LV length)</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! ME LAX\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>Mitral valve pathology</li>\n <li>LVOT pathology</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>LV</li>\n <li>Mitral valve</li>\n <li>LVOT</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! ME mitral commissural\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>Localization of mitral valve pathology</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>Mitral valve (P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>3</sub> and A<sub>2</sub> scallops)</li>\n <li>Papillary muscles/chordae tendineae</li>\n <li>LA</li>\n <li>LV</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! TG mid-SAX\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>Hemodynamic instability</li>\n <li>LV enlargement</li>\n <li>LV hypertrophy</li>\n <li>LV systolic dysfunction (global and regional)</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>LV cavity</li>\n <li>LV walls (at least 50% of circumference with visible endocardium)</li>\n <li>Papillary muscles (approximately equal in size and distinct from ventricular wall)</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! TG two-chamber\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>LV systolic dysfunction (anterior and inferior basal segments)</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>Mitral leaflets</li>\n <li>Mitral subvalvular apparatus</li>\n <li>LV (anterior and inferior: basal plus mild segments)</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! TG RV inflow\n| Probe adjustment: neutral-rightward\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>RV systolic dysfunction</li>\n <li>Tricuspid valve pathology</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>Tricuspid leaflets</li>\n <li>Tricuspid subvalvular apparatus</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! TG RV inflow-outflow\n| Probe adjustment: neutral-rightward\n| Sector depth: ~14 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>RV systolic dysfunction</li>\n <li>RVOT pathology</li>\n <li>Pulmonary artery pathology</li>\n <li>Pulmonic valve evaluation</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>RA</li>\n <li>RV</li>\n <li>Main pulmonary artery</li>\n <li>Pulmonic valve</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! TG basal SAX\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>LV systolic dysfunction (basal segments)</li>\n <li>Mitral valve pathology</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>Mitral leaflets</li>\n <li>Mitral subvalvular apparatus</li>\n <li>LV (basal segments)</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! TG LAX\n| Probe adjustment: neutral-leftward\n| Sector depth: ~12 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>LV systolic dysfunction (anteroseptal and posterior: basal segments)</li>\n <li>Doppler evaluation of aortic valve</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>Mitral leaflets</li>\n <li>Mitral subvalvular apparatus</li>\n <li>LV (anteroseptal and posterior: basal plus midsegments)</li>\n <li>Aortic valve</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n! Deep TG LAX\n| Probe adjustment: neutral\n| Sector depth: ~16 cm\n|-\n| image\n| valign=\"top\" | Primary diagnostic issues\n <ul>\n <li>Aortic valve pathology</li>\n <li>LVOT pathology</li>\n <li>Doppler evaluation of aortic valve</li>\n </ul>\n\n| valign=\"top\" | Required structures\n <ul>\n <li>LV</li>\n <li>Aortic valve</li>\n <li>Aorta</li>\n </ul>\n\n|-\n| colspan=\"3\" |\n<ul>\n<li>ME, midesophageal; Asc, ascending; SAX, short axis; LAX, long axis; UE, upper esophageal; Desc, descending; AV, aortic valve; RV, right ventricular; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; RA, right atrium; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricular; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; TG, transgastric.</li>\n<li>Modified from Miller JP, Lambert SA, Shapiro WA, et al. The adequacy of basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography performed by experienced anesthesiologist. <em>Anesth Analg</em> 2001;92:1103–1110, with permission.</li>\n</ul>\n|}\n\n[[File:deep TG LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:desc aortic LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:desc aortic SAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME asc aortic LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME asc aortic SAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME AV LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME AV SAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME bicaval.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME four chamber.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME mitral commissural.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME RV inflow-outflow.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:ME two-chamber.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TEE coronary region.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TEE LV Sections.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TEE mitral valve.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TEE mitral valve2.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TG basal SAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TG LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TG mid SAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TG RV inflow-outflow.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TG RV inflow.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:TG two-chamber.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:UE aortic arch LAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]\n[[File:UE aortic arch SAX.svg|thumb|left|300px]]"
}
]
}
}
}
}