Normal Values of TEE: Difference between revisions
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<!-- TABLE 3 --> | <!-- TABLE 3 --> | ||
==Transesophageal Echocardiographic Anatomy== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | |||
|+'''Transesophageal Echocardiographic Anatomy''' | |||
! ME two-chamber | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~14 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LA appendage</li> | |||
<li>Mass/thrombus</li> | |||
<li>LV apex pathology</li> | |||
<li>LV systolic dysfunction (apical segments)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LA appendage</li> | |||
<li>Mitral valve</li> | |||
<li>LV apex (i.e., maximal LV length)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! ME LAX | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Mitral valve pathology</li> | |||
<li>LVOT pathology</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LV</li> | |||
<li>Mitral valve</li> | |||
<li>LVOT</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! ME mitral commissural | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Localization of mitral valve pathology</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Mitral valve (P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>3</sub> and A<sub>2</sub> scallops)</li> | |||
<li>Papillary muscles/chordae tendineae</li> | |||
<li>LA</li> | |||
<li>LV</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! TG mid-SAX | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Hemodynamic instability</li> | |||
<li>LV enlargement</li> | |||
<li>LV hypertrophy</li> | |||
<li>LV systolic dysfunction (global and regional)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LV cavity</li> | |||
<li>LV walls (at least 50% of circumference with visible endocardium)</li> | |||
<li>Papillary muscles (approximately equal in size and distinct from ventricular wall)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! TG two-chamber | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LV systolic dysfunction (anterior and inferior basal segments)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Mitral leaflets</li> | |||
<li>Mitral subvalvular apparatus</li> | |||
<li>LV (anterior and inferior: basal plus mild segments)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! TG RV inflow | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral-rightward | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>RV systolic dysfunction</li> | |||
<li>Tricuspid valve pathology</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Tricuspid leaflets</li> | |||
<li>Tricuspid subvalvular apparatus</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! TG RV inflow-outflow | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral-rightward | |||
| Sector depth: ~14 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>RV systolic dysfunction</li> | |||
<li>RVOT pathology</li> | |||
<li>Pulmonary artery pathology</li> | |||
<li>Pulmonic valve evaluation</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>RA</li> | |||
<li>RV</li> | |||
<li>Main pulmonary artery</li> | |||
<li>Pulmonic valve</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! TG basal SAX | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LV systolic dysfunction (basal segments)</li> | |||
<li>Mitral valve pathology</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Mitral leaflets</li> | |||
<li>Mitral subvalvular apparatus</li> | |||
<li>LV (basal segments)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! TG LAX | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral-leftward | |||
| Sector depth: ~12 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LV systolic dysfunction (anteroseptal and posterior: basal segments)</li> | |||
<li>Doppler evaluation of aortic valve</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Mitral leaflets</li> | |||
<li>Mitral subvalvular apparatus</li> | |||
<li>LV (anteroseptal and posterior: basal plus midsegments)</li> | |||
<li>Aortic valve</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
! Deep TG LAX | |||
| Probe adjustment: neutral | |||
| Sector depth: ~16 cm | |||
|- | |||
| image | |||
| valign="top" | Primary diagnostic issues | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Aortic valve pathology</li> | |||
<li>LVOT pathology</li> | |||
<li>Doppler evaluation of aortic valve</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
| valign="top" | Required structures | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>LV</li> | |||
<li>Aortic valve</li> | |||
<li>Aorta</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" | | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>ME, midesophageal; Asc, ascending; SAX, short axis; LAX, long axis; UE, upper esophageal; Desc, descending; AV, aortic valve; RV, right ventricular; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; RA, right atrium; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricular; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; TG, transgastric.</li> | |||
<li>Modified from Miller JP, Lambert SA, Shapiro WA, et al. The adequacy of basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography performed by experienced anesthesiologist. <em>Anesth Analg</em> 2001;92:1103–1110, with permission.</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|} | |||
==Positions of measurements== | ==Positions of measurements== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> |
Revision as of 17:20, 28 June 2010
Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements
Parameter | Mean ± SD (mm) | Range (mm) | |
---|---|---|---|
Right pulmonary artery diametera | 17 ± 3 | 12-22 | |
Left upper pulmonary vein diameter | 11 ± 2 | 7-16 | |
Left atrial appendage | Length | 28 ± 5 | 15-43 |
Diameter | 16 ± 5 | 10-28 | |
Superior vena cava diameter | 15 ± 3 | 8-20 | |
Right ventricular outflow tract diameterb | 27 ± 4 | 16-36 | |
Left atriumc | Anteroposterior diameter | 38 ± 6 | 20-52 |
Medial-lateral diameter | 39 ± 7 | 24-52 | |
Right atriumc | Anteroposterior diameter | 38 ± 5 | 28-52 |
Medial-lateral diameter | 38 ± 6 | 29-53 | |
Tricuspid annular diameterc | 28 ± 5 | 20-40 | |
Mitral annular diameterc | 29 ± 4 | 20-38 | |
Coronary sinus diameter | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 4-10 | |
Left ventricled | Anteroposterior diameter (diastole) | 43 ± 7 | 33-55 |
Medial-lateral diameter (diastole) | 42 ± 7 | 23-54 | |
Anteroposterior diameter (systole) | 28 ± 6 | 18-40 | |
Medial-lateral diameter (systole) | 27 ± 6 | 18-42 | |
Aortic root diameterb | 28 ± 3 | 21-34 | |
Descending thoracic aorta diameter | Proximal | 21 ± 4 | 14-30 |
Distal | 20 ± 4 | 13-28 | |
|
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Anatomy
ME two-chamber | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~14 cm |
---|---|---|
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
ME LAX | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
ME mitral commissural | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
TG mid-SAX | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
TG two-chamber | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
TG RV inflow | Probe adjustment: neutral-rightward | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
TG RV inflow-outflow | Probe adjustment: neutral-rightward | Sector depth: ~14 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
TG basal SAX | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
TG LAX | Probe adjustment: neutral-leftward | Sector depth: ~12 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
Deep TG LAX | Probe adjustment: neutral | Sector depth: ~16 cm |
image | Primary diagnostic issues
|
Required structures
|
|