Venae Cavae: Difference between revisions

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 ==Respiratory failure==
-In a normal RA pressure collapses the VCI in 80% of the cases, >40% (measured at inmonding hepatic vein). ±40% collapse VCI corresponds to a pressure of 8 - 10mmHg . At a collapse of 60-70%, the pressure in the VCI most often 2- 4mmHg. At a collapse <40%, the VCI pressure > 10mmHg (85%). When dilated , not collapsing VCI can pressure 20 - 25mmHg are .
+In a normal RA pressure collapses the VCI in 80% of the cases, >40% (measured at the mouth of the hepatic vein). ±40% collapse VCI corresponds to a pressure of 8-10mmHg. At a collapse of 60-70%, the pressure in the VCI most often 2-4mmHg. At a collapse <40%, the VCI pressure >10mmHg (85%). When dilated, not collapsing VCI can pressure 20-25mmHg.
 ==Echocardiographic view==
-{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="400px"
+{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="800px"
 |-
-|[[Image:SubcostaalVCI.png|300px]]
+|[[Image:SubcostaalVCI.png|400px]]
-|[[Image:VCImmode01.jpg|300px]]
+|[[Image:VCImmode01.jpg|400px]]
 |-
 !Subcostale view
-!M -mode collapse VCI
+!M-mode collapse VCI
 |}
 ==Flow pattern==
-Because in most cases VCI perpendicular to the beam in the ultrasound image is running, the flow pattern of the hepatic vein viewed . This is the same as VCI only the hepatic vein parallel to the sound beam .
+Because in most cases VCI is perpendicular to the beam in the ultrasound image running, the flow pattern of the hepatic vein viewed . This is the same as VCI, only the hepatic vein is parallel to the sound beam .
+{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="800px"
+|-
+|[[Image:Levervene02.jpg|400px]]
+|[[Image:Hepaticveinrefersal01.jpg|400px]]
+|-
+!Normal hepatic vein flow
+!Systolic flow reversal of the hepatic vein in severe TI <cite>1</cite>
+|}
-Normal Systolic leverveneflow leverveneflow reversal in severe TI
+==Superior vena cava==
-Source: European Journal of Echocardiography (2010 ) 11, 307-332
+The superior vena cava contains oxygen-poor blood returning from the tissue in the upper portion of the body (pulmonary circulation). The superior vena cava is close to the roof of the right atrium. The superior vena cava is transthoracically not good to bring into image, only supraclavicular (no standard recording). Better to spend (the last part of) the VCS with TEE in image. The VCS can be constricted by space-occupying processes, it is also called the VCS Syndrome.
-Superior vena cava ( superior vena cava )
-The superior vena cava contains oxygen-poor blood returning from the tissue in the upper portion of the body ( pulmonary circulation ) . The superior vena cava close to the roof of the right atrium. The superior vena cava is transthoracically not good to bring into view only supraclavicular (no standard recording ) . Better to spend . ( The last part of ) the VCS with TEE in image The VCS can be constricted by space-occupying processes , it is also called the VCS Syndrome has .
 ==References==
 <biblio>
-#1 [http://www.pted.org/?id=pulmhypertension1 Cove Point Foundation - Congenital Heart Disease]
+#1 pmid=20435783
-#2 pmid=3730205
 </biblio>