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==Biological prosthetic valves==
==Biological prosthetic valves==


{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="800px"
|-
|-
|+ Normal values for Biological Aortic Valve Prosthesis
|+ Normal values for Biological Aortic Valve Prosthesis<cite>1</cite>
|-
|-
!Valve  
!Valve  
Line 10: Line 10:
!Peak gradient (mmHg)  
!Peak gradient (mmHg)  
!Mean gradient (mmHg)  
!Mean gradient (mmHg)  
!EOA (cm <sub>2</sub>)
!EOA (cm2)
|-
|-
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Baxter Perimount  
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Baxter Perimount  
Line 68: Line 68:
|1.1 ± 0.1
|1.1 ± 0.1
|-
|-
|Carpentier Edwards Pericardial |Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.1 ± 3.4 24.2 ± 8.6 1.2 ± 0.3
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Carpentier Edwards Pericardial  
|21 25.7 ± 9.9 20.3 ± 9.1 1.5 ± 0.4
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bovine pericardial  
|23 21.7 ± 8.6 13.0 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 0.3
|19  
|25 16.5 ± 5.4 9.0 ± 2.3
|32.1 ± 3.4  
|24.2 ± 8.6  
|1.2 ± 0.3
|-
|21  
|25.7 ± 9.9  
|20.3 ± 9.1  
|1.5 ± 0.4
|-
|23  
|21.7 ± 8.6  
|13.0 ± 5.3  
|1.8 ± 0.3
|-
|25  
|16.5 ± 5.4  
|9.0 ± 2.3
|
|-
|rowspan="6" valign="top"|Carpentier Edwards Standard
|rowspan="6" valign="top"|Stented porcine
|19
|43.5 ± 12.7
|25.6 ± 8.0
|0.9 ± 0.2
|-
|21
|27.7 ± 7.6
|17.3 ± 6.2
|1.5 ± 0.3
|-
|23
|28.9 ± 7.5
|16.1 ± 6.2
|1.7 ± 0.5
|-
|25
|24.0 ± 7.1
|12.9 ± 4.6
|1.9 ± 0.5
|-
|27
|22.1 ± 8.2
|12.1 ± 5.5
|2.3 ± 0.6
|-
|29
|
|9.9 ± 2.9
|2.8 ± 0.5
|-
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Carpentier Supra - Annular
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Stented porcine
|19
|34.1 ± 2.7
|
|1.1 ± 0.1
|-
|21
|28.0 ± 10.5
|17.5 ± 3.8
|1.4 ± 0.9
|-
|-
|Carpentier Edwards Standard |Stented porcine |19 |43.5 ± 12.7 |25.6 ± 8.0 0.9 ± 0.2
|23
|21 27.7 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2 1.5 ± 0.3
|25.3 ± 10.5  
|23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2 1.7 ± 0.5
|13.4 ± 4.5  
|25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5
|1.6 ± 0.6
|27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5 2.3 ± 0.6
|29 9.9 ± 2.9 2.8 ± 0.5
|-
|-
|Carpentier Supra - Annular stented porcine 19 34.1 ± 2.7 1.1 ± 0.1
|25  
|21 28.0 ± 10.5 17.5 ± 3.8 1.4 ± 0.9
|24.4 ± 7.6  
|23 25.3 ± 10.5 13.4 ± 4.5 1.6 ± 0.6
|13.2 ± 4.8  
|25 24.4 ± 7.6 13.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.4
|1.8 ± 0.4
|27 16.7 ± 4.7 8.8 ± 2.8 1.9 ± 0.7
|-
|-
|CryoLife Stentless 19 9.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 0.3
|27
|21 6.6 ± 2.9 1.7 ± 0.4
|16.7 ± 4.7  
|23 6.0 ± 2.3 2.3 ± 0.2
|8.8 ± 2.8
|25 6.1 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2
|1.9 ± 0.7
|27 4.0 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 0.3
|-
|-
|Extended Biocor Stentless  
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|CryoLife
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Stentless  
|19  
|19  
|17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
|
|21 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
|9.0 ± 2.0
|23 14.7 ± 7.3 7.7 ± 3.8 1.7 ± 0.4
|1.5 ± 0.3
|25 14.0 ± 4.3 7.4 ± 2.5 1.8 ± 0.4
|-
|21
|
|6.6 ± 2.9
|1.7 ± 0.4
|-
|23
|
|6.0 ± 2.3
|2.3 ± 0.2
|-
|25
|
|6.1 ± 2.6
|2.6 ± 0.2
|-
|27
|
|4.0 ± 2.4
|2.8 ± 0.3
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Extended Biocor
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stentless
|19
|17.5 ± 6.5  
|9.6 ± 3.6  
|1.4 ± 0.4
|-
|21  
|17.5 ± 6.5  
|9.6 ± 3.6  
|1.4 ± 0.4
|-
|23  
|14.7 ± 7.3  
|7.7 ± 3.8  
|1.7 ± 0.4
|-
|25  
|14.0 ± 4.3  
|7.4 ± 2.5  
|1.8 ± 0.4
|-
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Hancock
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Stented porcine
|21
|18.0 ± 6.0
|12.0 ± 2.0
|
|-
|-
|Hancock stented porcine 21 18.0 ± 6.0 12.0 ± 2.0
|23
|23 16.0 ± 2.0 11.0 ± 2.0
|16.0 ± 2.0  
|25 15.0 ± 3.0 10.0 ± 3.0
|11.0 ± 2.0
|
|-
|-
|Hancock II stented porcine 21 14.8 ± 4.1 1.3 ± 0.4
|25
|23 34.0 ± 13.0 16.6 ± 8.5 1.3 ± 0.4
|15.0 ± 3.0
|25 22.0 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.4
|10.0 ± 3.0
|29 16.2 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 1.7 1.6 ± 0.2
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Hancock II  
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented porcine  
|21  
|
|14.8 ± 4.1  
|1.3 ± 0.4
|-
|23  
|34.0 ± 13.0  
|16.6 ± 8.5  
|1.3 ± 0.4
|-
|25  
|22.0 ± 5.3  
|10.8 ± 2.8  
|1.6 ± 0.4
|-
|29  
|16.2 ± 1.5  
|8.2 ± 1.7  
|1.6 ± 0.2
|-
|-
|Homograft  
|Homograft  
Line 115: Line 244:
|?
|?
|-
|-
|Intact stented porcine 19 40.4 ± 15.4 24.5 ± 9.3
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Intact  
|21 40.9 ± 15.6 19.6 ± 8.1 1.6 ± 0.4
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Stented porcine  
|23 32.7 ± 9.6 19.0 ± 6.1 1.6 ± 0.4
|19  
|25 29.7 ± 15.0 17.7 ± 7.9 1.7 ± 0.3
|40.4 ± 15.4  
|27 25.0 ± 7.6 15.0 ± 4.5
|24.5 ± 9.3
|
|-
|21  
|40.9 ± 15.6  
|19.6 ± 8.1  
|1.6 ± 0.4
|-
|23  
|32.7 ± 9.6  
|19.0 ± 6.1  
|1.6 ± 0.4
|-
|25  
|29.7 ± 15.0  
|17.7 ± 7.9  
|1.7 ± 0.3
|-
|27  
|25.0 ± 7.6  
|15.0 ± 4.5
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Ionescu - Shiley
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bovine pericardial
|17
|23.8 ± 3.4
|
|0.9 ± 0.1
|-
|19
|19.7 ± 5.9
|13.3 ± 3.9
|1.1 ± 0.1
|-
|-
|Ionescu - Shiley bovine pericardial stented 17 23.8 ± 3.4 0.9 ± 0.1
|21
|19 19.7 ± 5.9 13.3 ± 3.9 1.1 ± 0.1
|26.6 ± 9.0
|21 26.6 ± 9.0
|
|23 15.6 ± 4.4
|
Stented bovine pericardial Labcor Santiago 19 18.6 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.1
|21 17.5 ± 6.6 8.2 ± 4.5 1.3 ± 0.1
|23 14.8 ± 5.2 7.8 ± 2.9 1.8 ± 0.2
|25 12.3 ± 3.4 6.8 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.3
|-
|-
|Labcor Synergy
|23
|Stented porcine 21 24.3 ± 8.1 13.3 ± 4.2 1.1 ± 0.3
|
|23 27.3 ± 13.7 15.3 ± 6.9 1.4 ± 0.4
|15.6 ± 4.4
|25 22.5 ± 11.9 13.2 ± 6.4 1.5 ± 0.4
|
|27 17.8 ± 7.0 10.6 ± 4.6 1.8 ± 0.5
|-
|-
|Medtronic Freestyle
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Labcor Santiago
|Stentless
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bovine pericardial
|19  
|19  
|18.6 ± 5.0
|11.8 ± 3.3
|1.2 ± 0.1
|-
|21
|17.5 ± 6.6
|8.2 ± 4.5
|1.3 ± 0.1
|-
|23
|14.8 ± 5.2
|7.8 ± 2.9
|1.8 ± 0.2
|-
|25
|12.3 ± 3.4
|6.8 ± 2.0
|2.1 ± 0.3
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Labcor Synergy
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented porcine
|21
|24.3 ± 8.1
|13.3 ± 4.2
|1.1 ± 0.3
|-
|23
|27.3 ± 13.7
|15.3 ± 6.9
|1.4 ± 0.4
|-
|25
|22.5 ± 11.9
|13.2 ± 6.4
|1.5 ± 0.4
|-
|27
|17.8 ± 7.0
|10.6 ± 4.6
|1.8 ± 0.5
|-
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Medtronic Freestyle
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Stentless
|19
|
|13.0 ± 3.9
|13.0 ± 3.9
|21 9.1 ± 5.1 1.4 ± 0.3
|
|23 11.0 ± 4.0 8.1 ± 4.6 1.7 ± 0.5
|25 5.3 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 0.5
|27 4.6 ± 3.1 2.5 ± 0.1
|-
|-
|Medtronic Mosaic  
|21
|Stented porcine 21 14.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
|
|23 23.8 ± 11.0 13.7 ± 4.8 1.5 ± 0.4
|9.1 ± 5.1
|25 22.5 ± 10.0 11.7 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5
|1.4 ± 0.3
|27 10.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.1
|-
|29 11.1 ± 4.3 2.1 ± 0.2
|23
|11.0 ± 4.0
|8.1 ± 4.6
|1.7 ± 0.5
|-
|25
|
|5.3 ± 3.1
|2.1 ± 0.5
|-
|27
|
|4.6 ± 3.1
|2.5 ± 0.1
|-
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Medtronic Mosaic  
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Stented porcine  
|21  
|
|14.2 ± 5.0  
|1.4 ± 0.4
|-
|23  
|23.8 ± 11.0  
|13.7 ± 4.8  
|1.5 ± 0.4
|-
|25  
|22.5 ± 10.0  
|11.7 ± 5.1  
|1.8 ± 0.5
|-
|27  
|
|10.4 ± 4.3  
|1.9 ± 0.1
|-
|29  
|
|11.1 ± 4.3  
|2.1 ± 0.2
|-
|-
|Mitroflow  
|Mitroflow  
|Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.3 13.1 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2
|Stented bovine pericardial  
|Prima  
|19  
|Stentless 21 28.8 ± 6.0 13.7 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.7
|18.6 ± 5.3  
|23 21.5 ± 7.5 11.5 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3
|13.1 ± 3.3  
|25 22.1 ± 12.5 11.6 ± 7.2 1.8 ± 0.5
|1.1 ± 0.2
|-
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Prima  
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Stentless  
|21  
|28.8 ± 6.0  
|13.7 ± 1.9  
|1.4 ± 0.7
|-
|23  
|21.5 ± 7.5  
|11.5 ± 4.9  
|1.5 ± 0.3
|-
|25  
|22.1 ± 12.5  
|11.6 ± 7.2  
|1.8 ± 0.5
|-
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Sorin Pericarbon
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Stentless
|19
|36.5 ± 9.0
|28.9 ± 7.3
|1.2 ± 0.5
|-
|21
|28.0 ± 13.3
|23.8 ± 11.1
|1.3 ± 0.6
|-
|23
|27.5 ± 11.5
|23.2 ± 7.6
|1.5 ± 0.5
|-
|-
|Sorin Pericarbon
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|St. Jude Medical
|Stentless 19 36.5 ± 9.0 28.9 ± 7.3 1.2 ± 0.5
|rowspan="5" valign="top"|Stentless  
|21 28.0 ± 13.3 23.8 ± 11.1 1.3 ± 0.6
|21  
|23 27.5 ± 11.5 23.2 ± 7.6 1.5 ± 0.5
|22.6 ± 14.5  
|10.7 ± 7.2
|1.3 ± 0.6
|-
|-
|St. Jude Medical
|23
|Stentless 21 22.6 ± 14.5 10.7 ± 7.2 1.3 ± 0.6
|16.2 ± 9.0  
|23 16.2 ± 9.0 8.2 ± 4.7 1.6 ± 0.6
|8.2 ± 4.7  
|25 12.7 ± 8.2 6.3 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.5
|1.6 ± 0.6
|27 10.1 ± 5.8 5.0 ± 2.9 2.0 ± 0.3
|-
|29 7.7 ± 4.4 4.1 ± 2.4 2.4 ± 0.6
|25  
|12.7 ± 8.2  
|6.3 ± 4.1  
|1.8 ± 0.5
|-
|27  
|10.1 ± 5.8  
|5.0 ± 2.9  
|2.0 ± 0.3
|-
|29  
|7.7 ± 4.4  
|4.1 ± 2.4  
|2.4 ± 0.6
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="800px"
|-
|+ Normal values for Biological Mitral Valve Prosthesis<cite>1</cite>
|-
!Valve
!Type
!Size (mm)
!Peak gradient (mmHg)
!Mean gradient (mmHg)
!Peak Velocity (m/s)
!Pressure half-time (ms)
!width="100px"|EOA (cm2)
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Biocor
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stentless bioprosthesis
|27
|13 ± 1
|
|
|
|
|-
|29
|14 ± 2.5
|
|
|
|
|-
|31
|11.5 ± 0.5
|
|
|
|
|-
|33
|12 ± 0.5
|
|
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Bioflo pericardial
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|25
|10 ± 2
|6.3 ± 1.5
|
|
|2 ± 0.1
|-
|27
|9.5 ± 2.6
|5.4 ± 1.2
|
|
|2 ± 0.3
|-
|29 
|5 ± 2.8 
|3.6 ± 1
|
|
|2.4 ± 0.2
|-
|31
|4.0
|2.0
|
|
|2.3
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Carpentier - Edwards
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|27
|
|6 ± 2 
|1.7 ± 0.3 
|98 ± 28
|
|-
|29
| 
|4.7 ± 2
|1.76 ± 0.27
|92 ± 14
|
|-
|31
|
|4.4 ± 2
|1.54 ± 0.15
|92 ± 19
|
|-
|33
|
|6 ± 3
|
|93 ± 12
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Carpentier - Edwards pericardial
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented Bioprosthesis
|27
|
|3.6
|1.6
|100
|
|-
|29
|
|5.25 ± 2.36
|1.67 ± 0.3
|110 ± 15
|
|-
|31
|
|4.05 ± 0.83
|1.53 ± 0.1
|90 ± 11
|
|-
|23
|
|1.0
|0.8
|80
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Hancock I (or NOS)
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|27
|10 ± 4
|5 ± 2
|
|
|1.3 ± 0.8
|-
|29
|7 ± 3
|2:46 ± 0.79
|
|115 ± 20
|1.5 ± 0.2
|-
|31
|4 ± 0.86
|4.86 ± 1.69
|
|95 ± 17
|1.6 ± 0.2
|-
|33
|3 ± 2
|3.87 ± 2
|
|90 ± 12
|1.9 ± 0.2
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Hancock II
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|27
|
|
|
|
|2.21 ± 0.14
|-
|29
|
|
|
|
|2.77 ± 0.11
|-
|31
|
|
|
|
|2.84 ± 0.1
|-
|33
|
|
|
|
|3.15 ± 0.22
|-
|rowspan="2" valign="top"|Hancock pericardial
|rowspan="2" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|29
|
|2.61 ± 1:39
|1:42 ± 0:14
|105 ± 36
|
|-
|31
|
|3.57 ± 1.02
|1.51 ± 0.27
|81 ± 23
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Ionescu - Shiley
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|25
|
|4.87 ± 1.08
|1.43 ± 0.15
|93 ± 11
|
|-
|-
|+ Normal Values ​​biological Mitralisklepprothese
|27
|
|3.21 ± 0.82
|1.31 ± 0.24
|100 ± 28
|
|-
|-
|Valve Type Size ( mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) Peak Velocity ( m / s) Pressure half-time (ms ) EOA (cm2)
|29  
Biocor Stentless bioprosthesis 27 13 ± 1
|
29 14 ± 2.5
|3.22 ± 0.57
31 11.5 ± 0.5
|1.38 ± 0.2
33 12 ± 0.5
|85 ± 8
Stented pericardial bioprosthesis BioFlo 25 10 ± 2 6.3 ± 1.5 0.1 ± 2
|
27 9.5 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 1.2 2 ± 0.3
|-
29 5 ± 2.8 3.6 ± 0.2 2.4 ± 1
|31
31 4.0 2.0 2.3
|
Carpentier - Edwards stented bioprosthesis 27 6 ± 2 1.7 ± 0.3 98 ± 28
|3.63 ± 0.9
29 4.7 2 ± 1.76 ± 92 ± 14 12:27
|1.45 ± 0.06
4.4 31 ± 2 92 ± 1:54 ± 0:15 19
|100 ± 36
6 33 ± 3 93 ± 12
|
Carpentier - Edwards pericardial stented Bioprosthesis 27 3.6 1.6 100
|-
29 5:25 2:36 ± 1.67 ± 0.3 110 ± 15
|rowspan="2" valign="top"|Ionescu - Shiley low profile
31 4:05 1:53 ± 0.83 ± 0.1 90 ± 11
|rowspan="2" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis  
23 1.0 0.8 80
|29  
Hancock I ( or NOS ) stented bioprosthesis 27 10 ± 4 5 ± 2 1.3 ± 0.8
|
29 7 ± 3 2:46 ± 0.79 115 ± 20 1.5 ± 0.2
|3.31 ± 0.96
31 4 ± 0.86 4.86 ± 1.69 95 ± 17 1.6 ± 0.2
|1.36 ± 0.25
33 3 2 ± 3.87 ± 2 90 ± 12 1.9 ± 0.2
|80 ± 30
Hancock II stented bioprosthesis 27 2:21 ± 0:14
|
29 2.77 ± 0:11
|-
31 2.84 ± 0.1
|31  
33 3:15 ± 0:22
|
Hancock pericardial stented bioprosthesis 29 2.61 ± 1:39 1:42 ± 0:14 105 ± 36
|2.74 ± 0.37
31 3:57 1:02 1:51 ± 0:27 ± 81 ± 23
|1.33 ± 0.14
Ionescu - Shiley stented bioprosthesis 25 4.87 ± 1.43 ± 1:08 ± 0:15 93 11
|79 ± 15
27 3:21 1:31 ± 0:24 ± 0.82 100 ± 28
|
29 3:22 0:57 ± 1:38 ± 0.2 85 ± 8
|-
31 ± 0.9 1.45 ± 3.63 100 ± 36 00:06
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Labcor-Santiago pericardial
Ionescu - Shiley low profile stented bioprosthesis 29 3:31 1:36 ± 0.96 ± 0.25 80 ± 30
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
31 2.74 ± 0:37 1:33 ± 0:14 ± 79 15
|25  
Stented pericardial bioprosthesis Labcor - Santiago 25 8.7 4.5 97 2.2
|8.7  
27 5.6 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 1.5 85 ± 18 ± 2:12 0:48
|4.5  
29 ± 6.2 2.1 ± 1.3 80 ± 3 34 ± 0.73 2:11
|
Medtronic Intact Porcine stented bioprosthesis 29 3.5 ± 1.6 ± 0:51 0:22
|97  
31 ± 4.2 1.6 ± 1:44 0:26
|2.2
33 4 ± 1.3 1.4 ± 0:24
|-
35 3.2 ± 1.77 1.3 ± 0.5
|27  
Stented bioprosthesis Mitroflow 25 6.9 2.0 90
|5.6 ± 2.3  
27 3:07 0.91 ± 1.5 90 ± 20
|2.8 ± 1.5  
29 ± 3.5 1.43 ± 1.65 102 ± 21 12:29
|
31 3.85 ± 0.81 91 ± 1:32 ± 0:26 22
|85 ± 18
Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial bioprosthesis Stentless 26 2.2 1.7 ± 1.6 103 ± 31 1.7
|2.12 ± 0.48
28 1:58 ± 0.25 1.7 ± 0.6
|-
30 1:42 0:32 ± 2.3 ± 0.4
|29  
Wessex stented bioprosthesis 29 3.69 ± 0.61 1.66 ± 83 ± 19 00:17
|6.2 ± 2.1
31 3:31 1:41 ± 0.83 ± 0.25 80 ± 21
|3 ± 1.3
Source : Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography , 2009 , Sept. , 22 (9) :975-1014
|
|80 ± 34
|2.11 ± 0.73
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Medtronic Intact Porcine  
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis  
|29
|
|3.5 ± 0.51
|1.6 ± 0.22
|
|
|-
|31
|
|4.2 ± 1.44
|1.6 ± 0.26
|
|
|-
|33
|
|4 ± 1.3
|1.4 ± 0.24
|
|
|-
|35
|
|3.2 ± 1.77
|1.3 ± 0.5
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Mitroflow
|rowspan="4" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis
|25  
|
|6.9  
|2.0  
|90
|
|-
|27  
|
|3.07 ± 0.91
|1.5
|90 ± 20
|
|-
|29  
|
|3.5 ± 1.65
|1.43 ± 0.29
|102 ± 21
|
|-
|31
|
|3.85 ± 0.81
|1.32 ± 0.26
|91 ± 22
|
|-
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial
|rowspan="3" valign="top"|Stentless bioprosthesis
|26  
|
|2.2 ± 1.7
|1.6
|103 ± 31
|1.7
|-
|28  
|
|
|1:58 ± 0.25  
|
|1.7 ± 0.6
|-
|30  
|
|
|1.42 ± 0.32
|
|2.3 ± 0.4
|-
|rowspan="2" valign="top"|Wessex  
|rowspan="2" valign="top"|Stented bioprosthesis  
|29
|
|3.69 ± 0.61
|1.66 ± 0.17
|83 ± 19
|
|-
|31  
|
|3.31 ± 0.83
|1.41 ± 0.25
|80 ± 21
|
|}
|}


Related valve dysfunction in bioprostheses
==Related valve dysfunction in bioprostheses==
In Stentless bioprosthesis proximal joint of the prosthesis may loosen , causing blood between aortic wall and valve can come . When valve thrombosis there arises an increase in the gradient and an increase in the back flow ( leakage ) due to the larger mass, to enable the valve closes slowly.
 
In Stentless bioprosthesis proximal joint of the prosthesis may loosen , causing blood between aortic wall and valve can come . When valve thrombosis there arises an increase in the gradient and an increase in the back flow (leakage) due to the larger mass, to enable the valve closes slowly.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:31, 3 January 2014

Biological prosthetic valves

Normal values for Biological Aortic Valve Prosthesis1
Valve Type Size (mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) EOA (cm2)
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.5 ± 8.5 19.5 ± 5.5 1.3 ± 0.2
21 24.9 ± 7.7 13.8 ± 4.0 1.3 ± 0.3
23 19.9 ± 7.4 11.5 ± 3.9 1.6 ± 0.3
25 16.5 ± 7.8 10.7 ± 3.8 1.6 ± 0.4
27 12.8 ± 5.4 4.8 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 0.4
Biocor Stented porcine 23 30.0 ± 10.7 20 ± 6.6 1.3 ± 0.3
25 23.0 ± 7.9 16 ± 5.1 1.7 ± 0.4
27 22.0 ± 6.5 15.0 ± 3.7 2.2 ± 0.4
BioFlo Stented bovine pericardial 19 37.2 ± 8.8 26.4 ± 5.5 0.7 ± 0.1
21 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5 1.1 ± 0.1
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.1 ± 3.4 24.2 ± 8.6 1.2 ± 0.3
21 25.7 ± 9.9 20.3 ± 9.1 1.5 ± 0.4
23 21.7 ± 8.6 13.0 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 0.3
25 16.5 ± 5.4 9.0 ± 2.3
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 19 43.5 ± 12.7 25.6 ± 8.0 0.9 ± 0.2
21 27.7 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2 1.5 ± 0.3
23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2 1.7 ± 0.5
25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5
27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5 2.3 ± 0.6
29 9.9 ± 2.9 2.8 ± 0.5
Carpentier Supra - Annular Stented porcine 19 34.1 ± 2.7 1.1 ± 0.1
21 28.0 ± 10.5 17.5 ± 3.8 1.4 ± 0.9
23 25.3 ± 10.5 13.4 ± 4.5 1.6 ± 0.6
25 24.4 ± 7.6 13.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.4
27 16.7 ± 4.7 8.8 ± 2.8 1.9 ± 0.7
CryoLife Stentless 19 9.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 0.3
21 6.6 ± 2.9 1.7 ± 0.4
23 6.0 ± 2.3 2.3 ± 0.2
25 6.1 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2
27 4.0 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 0.3
Extended Biocor Stentless 19 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
21 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
23 14.7 ± 7.3 7.7 ± 3.8 1.7 ± 0.4
25 14.0 ± 4.3 7.4 ± 2.5 1.8 ± 0.4
Hancock Stented porcine 21 18.0 ± 6.0 12.0 ± 2.0
23 16.0 ± 2.0 11.0 ± 2.0
25 15.0 ± 3.0 10.0 ± 3.0
Hancock II Stented porcine 21 14.8 ± 4.1 1.3 ± 0.4
23 34.0 ± 13.0 16.6 ± 8.5 1.3 ± 0.4
25 22.0 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.4
29 16.2 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 1.7 1.6 ± 0.2
Homograft Homograft valves ? ? ? ?
Intact Stented porcine 19 40.4 ± 15.4 24.5 ± 9.3
21 40.9 ± 15.6 19.6 ± 8.1 1.6 ± 0.4
23 32.7 ± 9.6 19.0 ± 6.1 1.6 ± 0.4
25 29.7 ± 15.0 17.7 ± 7.9 1.7 ± 0.3
27 25.0 ± 7.6 15.0 ± 4.5
Ionescu - Shiley Stented bovine pericardial 17 23.8 ± 3.4 0.9 ± 0.1
19 19.7 ± 5.9 13.3 ± 3.9 1.1 ± 0.1
21 26.6 ± 9.0
23 15.6 ± 4.4
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.1
21 17.5 ± 6.6 8.2 ± 4.5 1.3 ± 0.1
23 14.8 ± 5.2 7.8 ± 2.9 1.8 ± 0.2
25 12.3 ± 3.4 6.8 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.3
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine 21 24.3 ± 8.1 13.3 ± 4.2 1.1 ± 0.3
23 27.3 ± 13.7 15.3 ± 6.9 1.4 ± 0.4
25 22.5 ± 11.9 13.2 ± 6.4 1.5 ± 0.4
27 17.8 ± 7.0 10.6 ± 4.6 1.8 ± 0.5
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 19 13.0 ± 3.9
21 9.1 ± 5.1 1.4 ± 0.3
23 11.0 ± 4.0 8.1 ± 4.6 1.7 ± 0.5
25 5.3 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 0.5
27 4.6 ± 3.1 2.5 ± 0.1
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 21 14.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
23 23.8 ± 11.0 13.7 ± 4.8 1.5 ± 0.4
25 22.5 ± 10.0 11.7 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5
27 10.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.1
29 11.1 ± 4.3 2.1 ± 0.2
Mitroflow Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.3 13.1 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2
Prima Stentless 21 28.8 ± 6.0 13.7 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.7
23 21.5 ± 7.5 11.5 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3
25 22.1 ± 12.5 11.6 ± 7.2 1.8 ± 0.5
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 19 36.5 ± 9.0 28.9 ± 7.3 1.2 ± 0.5
21 28.0 ± 13.3 23.8 ± 11.1 1.3 ± 0.6
23 27.5 ± 11.5 23.2 ± 7.6 1.5 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Stentless 21 22.6 ± 14.5 10.7 ± 7.2 1.3 ± 0.6
23 16.2 ± 9.0 8.2 ± 4.7 1.6 ± 0.6
25 12.7 ± 8.2 6.3 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.5
27 10.1 ± 5.8 5.0 ± 2.9 2.0 ± 0.3
29 7.7 ± 4.4 4.1 ± 2.4 2.4 ± 0.6
Normal values for Biological Mitral Valve Prosthesis1
Valve Type Size (mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) Peak Velocity (m/s) Pressure half-time (ms) EOA (cm2)
Biocor Stentless bioprosthesis 27 13 ± 1
29 14 ± 2.5
31 11.5 ± 0.5
33 12 ± 0.5
Bioflo pericardial Stented bioprosthesis 25 10 ± 2 6.3 ± 1.5 2 ± 0.1
27 9.5 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 1.2 2 ± 0.3
29 5 ± 2.8 3.6 ± 1 2.4 ± 0.2
31 4.0 2.0 2.3
Carpentier - Edwards Stented bioprosthesis 27 6 ± 2 1.7 ± 0.3 98 ± 28
29 4.7 ± 2 1.76 ± 0.27 92 ± 14
31 4.4 ± 2 1.54 ± 0.15 92 ± 19
33 6 ± 3 93 ± 12
Carpentier - Edwards pericardial Stented Bioprosthesis 27 3.6 1.6 100
29 5.25 ± 2.36 1.67 ± 0.3 110 ± 15
31 4.05 ± 0.83 1.53 ± 0.1 90 ± 11
23 1.0 0.8 80
Hancock I (or NOS) Stented bioprosthesis 27 10 ± 4 5 ± 2 1.3 ± 0.8
29 7 ± 3 2:46 ± 0.79 115 ± 20 1.5 ± 0.2
31 4 ± 0.86 4.86 ± 1.69 95 ± 17 1.6 ± 0.2
33 3 ± 2 3.87 ± 2 90 ± 12 1.9 ± 0.2
Hancock II Stented bioprosthesis 27 2.21 ± 0.14
29 2.77 ± 0.11
31 2.84 ± 0.1
33 3.15 ± 0.22
Hancock pericardial Stented bioprosthesis 29 2.61 ± 1:39 1:42 ± 0:14 105 ± 36
31 3.57 ± 1.02 1.51 ± 0.27 81 ± 23
Ionescu - Shiley Stented bioprosthesis 25 4.87 ± 1.08 1.43 ± 0.15 93 ± 11
27 3.21 ± 0.82 1.31 ± 0.24 100 ± 28
29 3.22 ± 0.57 1.38 ± 0.2 85 ± 8
31 3.63 ± 0.9 1.45 ± 0.06 100 ± 36
Ionescu - Shiley low profile Stented bioprosthesis 29 3.31 ± 0.96 1.36 ± 0.25 80 ± 30
31 2.74 ± 0.37 1.33 ± 0.14 79 ± 15
Labcor-Santiago pericardial Stented bioprosthesis 25 8.7 4.5 97 2.2
27 5.6 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 1.5 85 ± 18 2.12 ± 0.48
29 6.2 ± 2.1 3 ± 1.3 80 ± 34 2.11 ± 0.73
Medtronic Intact Porcine Stented bioprosthesis 29 3.5 ± 0.51 1.6 ± 0.22
31 4.2 ± 1.44 1.6 ± 0.26
33 4 ± 1.3 1.4 ± 0.24
35 3.2 ± 1.77 1.3 ± 0.5
Mitroflow Stented bioprosthesis 25 6.9 2.0 90
27 3.07 ± 0.91 1.5 90 ± 20
29 3.5 ± 1.65 1.43 ± 0.29 102 ± 21
31 3.85 ± 0.81 1.32 ± 0.26 91 ± 22
Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial Stentless bioprosthesis 26 2.2 ± 1.7 1.6 103 ± 31 1.7
28 1:58 ± 0.25 1.7 ± 0.6
30 1.42 ± 0.32 2.3 ± 0.4
Wessex Stented bioprosthesis 29 3.69 ± 0.61 1.66 ± 0.17 83 ± 19
31 3.31 ± 0.83 1.41 ± 0.25 80 ± 21

Related valve dysfunction in bioprostheses

In Stentless bioprosthesis proximal joint of the prosthesis may loosen , causing blood between aortic wall and valve can come . When valve thrombosis there arises an increase in the gradient and an increase in the back flow (leakage) due to the larger mass, to enable the valve closes slowly.

References

<biblio>

  1. 1 pmid=19733789

</biblio>

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