Art Valves

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Different types of valve art

Before starting with echocardiographic evaluation of a valve prosthesis it is necessary to be aware of the different types of valve prostheses. There is a difference in the kind and in the type and diameter. Thus, each manufacturer has its own characteristics. And there is a difference in whether the prosthesis is biologically or mechanically created.

Click here for normal mechanical prosthesis

Click here for normal biological prostheses

Mechkunstkleppen.jpg
Mechanical prosthetic valves
Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical and bioprosthetic
Mechanical Biological
Advantages Durable
  • No anticoagulation needed
  • Less obstruction of the blood flow
  • No Leakage
  • Inaudible
  • Hemodialysis
  • Less risk of infection in the ring or edge flap
  • No pannus (tissue ingrowth)
Disadvantages
  • Anticoagulation needed
  • Any obstruction of the blood flow
  • Leakage (leakage backflow after valve closure, closure backflow flap for closure.
  • Audible (ticks).
  • Hemodialysis (blood cells break down by colliding with mechanical valve.
  • Infection in ring or rim valve (endocarditis).
  • Pannus (tissue ingrowth)
Degeneration is 10-15 years
NB: For all valve prostheses is indicated in some cases endocarditis prophylaxis.[1]

Types of mechanical prosthetic valves

Klep profiel.jpg
Valve profile in different types of mechanical prosthetic valves

Features of the different prosthetic

Type of prosthetic valve[1] Brand Obstruction Leakage
Ball in Cage
  • Starr-Edwards
many little
Tilting disc
  • Bjork-Shiley
  • Medtronic Hall
  • Sorin
Little Many
Bileaflet
  • St. Jude Medical
  • Sorin-Bicarbon
  • Carbomedics
Little Many
Homograft
  • (Donor Valve)
No No
Unstented bioprosthesis
  • Medtronic Freestyle
No No
Stented bioprosthesis
  • Carpentier-Edwards
  • Hancock
  • Medtronic Intact
Many No

References

  1. R.B.A, van den Brink ‘Kunstkleppen' in "Praktische echocardiografie",Hamer, J.P.M, Pieper P.G, et al, 2e druk, 2009, Houten, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, DOI: 10.1007/978-90-313-7565-3_9, Print ISBN: 978-90-313-6235-6

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