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| align="center" | 1.3 ± 0.09
| align="center" | 1.3 ± 0.09


|-
| rowspan="6" | Björk-Shiley monostrut (tilting disk)
| align="center" | 19
| align="center" | 37
| align="center" | 46.0
| align="center" | 26.67 ± 7.87
| align="center" | 3.3 ± 0.6
| align="center" | 0.94 ± 0.19
|-
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 161
| align="center" | 32.41 ± 9.73
| align="center" | 18.64 ± 6.09
| align="center" | 2.9 ± 0.4
| align="center" |  
|-
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 153
| align="center" | 26.52 ± 9.67
| align="center" | 14.5 ± 6.2
| align="center" | 2.7 ± 0.5
| align="center" |  
|-
| align="center" | 25
| align="center" | 89
| align="center" | 22.33 ± 7
| align="center" | 13.3 ± 4.96
| align="center" | 2.5 ± 0.4
| align="center" |  
|-
| align="center" | 27
| align="center" | 61
| align="center" | 18.31 ± 8
| align="center" | 10.41 ± 4.38
| align="center" | 2.1 ± 0.4
| align="center" |  
|-
| align="center" | 29
| align="center" | 9
| align="center" | 12 ± 8
| align="center" | 7.67 ± 4.36
| align="center" | 1.9 ± 0.2
| align="center" |  
|-
| rowspan="8" | Björk-Shiley spherical (tilting disk) or not specified
| align="center" | 17
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" |  
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 4.1
| align="center" |  
|-
| align="center" | 19
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | 27.0
| align="center" | 21.8 ± 3.4
| align="center" | 3.8
| align="center" | 1.1
|-
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 18
| align="center" | 38.94 ± 11.93
| align="center" | 17.34 ± 6.86
| align="center" | 2.92 ± 0.88
| align="center" | 1.1 ± 0.25
|-
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 41
| align="center" | 33.86 ± 11
| align="center" | 11.5 ± 4.55
| align="center" | 2.42 ± 0.4
| align="center" | 1.22 ± 0.23
|-
| align="center" | 25
| align="center" | 39
| align="center" | 20.39 ± 7.07
| align="center" | 10.67 ± 4.31
| align="center" | 2.06 ± 0.28
| align="center" | 1.8 ± 0.32
|-
| align="center" | 27
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 19.44 ± 7.99
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.77 ± 0.12
| align="center" | 2.6
|-
| align="center" | 29
| align="center" | 5
| align="center" | 21.1 ± 7.1
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.87 ± 0.18
| align="center" | 2.52 ± 0.69


|-
| align="center" | 31
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" |  
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 2.1 ± 0.14
| align="center" |  


|-
| rowspan="7" | Carbomedics (bileaflet)
| align="center" | 17
| align="center" | 7
| align="center" | 33.4 ± 13.2
| align="center" | 20.1 ± 7.1
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.02 ± 0.2


|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |  
| align="center" | 19
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 63
| align="center" | 33.3 ± 11.19
| align="center" | 11.61 ± 5.08
| align="center" | 3.09 ± 0.38
| align="center" | 1.25 ± 0.36
 
|-
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 111
| align="center" | 26.31 ± 10.25
| align="center" | 12.68 ± 4.29
| align="center" | 2.61 ± 0.51
| align="center" | 1.42 ± 0.36
 
|-
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 120
| align="center" | 24.61 ± 6.93
| align="center" | 11.33 ± 3.8
| align="center" | 2.42 ± 0.37
| align="center" | 1.69 ± 0.29
 
|-
| align="center" | 25
| align="center" | 103
| align="center" | 20.25 ± 8.69
| align="center" | 9.34 ± 4.65
| align="center" | 2.25 ± 0.34
| align="center" | 2.04 ± 0.37
 
|-
| align="center" | 27
| align="center" | 57
| align="center" | 19.05 ± 7.04
| align="center" | 8.41 ± 2.83
| align="center" | 2.18 ± 0.36
| align="center" | 2.55 ± 0.34
 
|-
| align="center" | 29
| align="center" | 6
| align="center" | 12.53 ± 4.69
| align="center" | 5.8 ± 3.2
| align="center" | 1.93 ± 0.25
| align="center" | 2.63 ± 0.38
 
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:44, 26 June 2010

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Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements

Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements
Parameter   Mean ± SD (mm) Range (mm)
  Right pulmonary artery diametera 17 ± 3 12-22
Left upper pulmonary vein diameter 11 ± 2 7-16
Left atrial appendage Length 28 ± 5 15-43
Diameter 16 ± 5 10-28
Superior vena cava diameter 15 ± 3 8-20
Right ventricular outflow tract diameterb 27 ± 4 16-36
Left atriumc Anteroposterior diameter 38 ± 6 20-52
Medial-lateral diameter 39 ± 7 24-52
Right atriumc Anteroposterior diameter 38 ± 5 28-52
Medial-lateral diameter 38 ± 6 29-53
Tricuspid annular diameterc 28 ± 5 20-40
Mitral annular diameterc 29 ± 4 20-38
Coronary sinus diameter 6.6 ± 1.5 4-10
Left ventricled Anteroposterior diameter (diastole) 43 ± 7 33-55
Medial-lateral diameter (diastole) 42 ± 7 23-54
Anteroposterior diameter (systole) 28 ± 6 18-40
Medial-lateral diameter (systole) 27 ± 6 18-42
Aortic root diameterb 28 ± 3 21-34
Descending thoracic aorta diameter Proximal 21 ± 4 14-30
Distal 20 ± 4 13-28
  • aRight pulmonary artery diameter measured in midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view.
  • bAortic root and right ventricular outflow tract diameters measured in the midesophageal right ventricular inflow/outflow tract view.
  • cAtrial (end-systole) and both mitral and tricuspid annular (mid-diastole) diameters measured in the midesophageal four-chamber view.
  • dLeft ventricular dimensions measured in transgastric mid short-axis view.
  • SD, standard deviation.
  • Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995;8:221-230.


Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis

Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis
Valve Size n Peak gradient (mm Hg) Mean gradient (mm Hg) Peak velocity (m/s) Effective orifice area (cm2)
ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet) 16 6 47.7 ± 12 27 ± 7.3 3.44 ± 0.47 0.61 ± 0.09
19 9 47 ± 12.6 26.2 ± 7.9 3.41 ± 0.43 0.96 ± 0.18
21 15 25.5 ± 6.1 14.4 ± 3.5 2.4 ± 0.39 1.58 ± 0.37
23 8 19 ± 7 12 ± 4   1.8 ± 0.2
25 12 17 ± 8 11 ± 4   2.2 ± 0.4
27 10 14 ± 4 9 ± 2   2.5 ± 0.3
29 5 11 ± 3 8 ± 2   3.1 ± 0.3
Biocor stentless (stentless bioprosthesis) 21 45 35.97 ± 4.06 18 ± 4    
23 115 29.15 ± 8.28 18.64 ± 7.14 3 ± 0.6 1.4 ± 0.5
25 100 28.65 ± 6.6 17.72 ± 6.99 2.8 ± 0.5 1.6 ± 0.38
27 55 25.87 ± 2.81 18 ± 2.8 2.7 ± 0.2 1.9 ± 0.46
≥29 16 24 ± 2      
Biocor extended stentless (stentless bioprosthesis) 19-21 12 17.5 ± 5.8 9.7 ± 3.5   1.3 ± 0.4
23 18 14.8 ± 5.9 8.1 ± 3.1   1.6 ± 0.3
25 20 14.2 ± 3.5 7.7 ± 1.9   1.8 ± 0.3
Bioflo pericardial (stented bioprosthesis) 19 16 37.25 ± 8.65 24.15 ± 5.1   0.77 ± 0.11
21 9 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5   1.1 ± 0.1
23 4 20.7 ± 4 125 ± 3   1.3 ± 0.09
Björk-Shiley monostrut (tilting disk) 19 37 46.0 26.67 ± 7.87 3.3 ± 0.6 0.94 ± 0.19
21 161 32.41 ± 9.73 18.64 ± 6.09 2.9 ± 0.4  
23 153 26.52 ± 9.67 14.5 ± 6.2 2.7 ± 0.5  
25 89 22.33 ± 7 13.3 ± 4.96 2.5 ± 0.4  
27 61 18.31 ± 8 10.41 ± 4.38 2.1 ± 0.4  
29 9 12 ± 8 7.67 ± 4.36 1.9 ± 0.2  
Björk-Shiley spherical (tilting disk) or not specified 17 1     4.1  
19 2 27.0 21.8 ± 3.4 3.8 1.1
21 18 38.94 ± 11.93 17.34 ± 6.86 2.92 ± 0.88 1.1 ± 0.25
23 41 33.86 ± 11 11.5 ± 4.55 2.42 ± 0.4 1.22 ± 0.23
25 39 20.39 ± 7.07 10.67 ± 4.31 2.06 ± 0.28 1.8 ± 0.32
27 23 19.44 ± 7.99   1.77 ± 0.12 2.6
29 5 21.1 ± 7.1   1.87 ± 0.18 2.52 ± 0.69
31 2     2.1 ± 0.14  
Carbomedics (bileaflet) 17 7 33.4 ± 13.2 20.1 ± 7.1   1.02 ± 0.2
19 63 33.3 ± 11.19 11.61 ± 5.08 3.09 ± 0.38 1.25 ± 0.36
21 111 26.31 ± 10.25 12.68 ± 4.29 2.61 ± 0.51 1.42 ± 0.36
23 120 24.61 ± 6.93 11.33 ± 3.8 2.42 ± 0.37 1.69 ± 0.29
25 103 20.25 ± 8.69 9.34 ± 4.65 2.25 ± 0.34 2.04 ± 0.37
27 57 19.05 ± 7.04 8.41 ± 2.83 2.18 ± 0.36 2.55 ± 0.34
29 6 12.53 ± 4.69 5.8 ± 3.2 1.93 ± 0.25 2.63 ± 0.38