Right Ventricle
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The Right Ventricle
The contractile function of the RV is difficult to measure due to the complex anatomy. Historically in clinical practice there was very little attention paid to this part of the heart, since it was assumed that they previously played a passive role. Only in the last three decades it has been shown that the function of the RV plays an important role in the survival of several disease states. There is also a number of echocardiographic measurements to measure RV function and provide insight into the mechanisms of RV dysfunction.
Right ventricular dimensions
| Reference range | Mildly abnormal | Moderately abnormal | Severely abnormal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV dimensions | ||||
| Basal RV diameter (RVD 1), cm | 2.0–2.8 | 2.9–3.3 | 3.4–3.8 | ≥3.9 |
| Mid-RV diameter (RVD 2), cm | 2.7–3.3 | 3.4–3.7 | 3.8–4.1 | ≥4.2 |
| Base-to-apex length (RVD 3), cm | 7.1–7.9 | 8.0–8.5 | 8.6–9.1 | ≥9.2 |
| *RV diastolic area, cm2 | 11–28 | 29–32 | 33–37 | ≥38 |
| *RV systolic area, cm2 | 7.5–16 | 17–19 | 20–22 | ≥23 |
| RVOT diameters | ||||
| Above aortic valve (RVOT 1), cm | 2.5–2.9 | 3.0–3.2 | 3.3–3.5 | ≥3.6 |
| Above pulmonic valve (RVOT 2), cm | 1.7–2.3 | 2.4–2.7 | 2.8–3.1 | ≥3.2 |
| *Reference limits and partition values of right ventricular size and function as measured in apical 4-chamber view. | ||||
Right ventricular function
| Reference range | Mildly abnormal | Moderately abnormal | Severely abnormal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *RV fractional area change, % | 32–60 | 25–31 | 18–24 | ≤17 |
| *TAPSE, cm | 1.5-2.0 | 1.3-1.5 | 1.0-1.2 | <1.0 |
| *RV MPI | <0.28 | |||
| *Dp/DT | >400mmHg | |||
| *RV TDI doppler (S'), cm/s | >11.5 | |||
| *Reference limits and partition values of right ventricular size and function as measured in apical 4-chamber view. | ||||
Fractional Area Change
Dp/DT
RV myocardial performance index (MPI)
References
- Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, Solomon SD, Louie EK, and Schiller NB. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010 Jul;23(7):685-713; quiz 786-8. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010 |