Normal Values: Difference between revisions

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! style="width:160px" |  
! style="width:160px" |  
! style="width:250px" | Mild  
! style="width:250px" | Mild  
! style="width:200px" colspan="2" | Moderate  
! colspan="2" | Moderate  
! style="width:250px" | Severe
! style="width:250px" | Severe


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<li>No or minimal flow convergence</li>
<li>No or minimal flow convergence</li>
</ul>
</ul>
| style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | Signs of MR&gt;mild present, but no criteria for severe MR
| style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | <ul><li>Signs of MR&gt;mild present, but no criteria for severe MR</li></ul>
| style="vertical-align:top" | <ul>
| style="vertical-align:top" | <ul>
<li>Vena contracta width &ge; 0.7cm <em>with</em> large central MR jet (area &lt; 40% of LA) or with a wall-impinging jet of any size, swirling in LA<sup>&psi;</sup></li>
<li>Vena contracta width &ge; 0.7cm <em>with</em> large central MR jet (area &lt; 40% of LA) or with a wall-impinging jet of any size, swirling in LA<sup>&psi;</sup></li>
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<li>Normal LV size<sup>&lowast;</sup></li>
<li>Normal LV size<sup>&lowast;</sup></li>
</ul>
</ul>
| style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | Intermediate signs/findings
| style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | <ul><li>Intermediate signs/findings</li></ul>
| style="vertical-align:top" | <ul>
| style="vertical-align:top" | <ul>
<li>Dense, triangular CW Doppler MR jet</li>
<li>Dense, triangular CW Doppler MR jet</li>
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| style="padding-left:12px" | R Vol (ml/beat)
| style="padding-left:12px" | R Vol (ml/beat)
| align="center" | &lt; 30
| align="center" | &lt; 30
| align="center" | 30-44
| style="width:125px" align="center" | 30-44
| align="center" | 45-59
| style="width:125px" align="center" | 45-59
| align="center" | &ge; 60
| align="center" | &ge; 60


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|-
|-
| colspan="5" | <ul><li><em>CW</em>, Continuous wave; <em>EROA</em>, effective regurgitant orifice area; <em>LA</em>, left atrium; <em>LV</em>, left ventricle; <em>MV</em>, mitral valve; <em>MR</em>, mitral regurgitation; <em>R Vol</em>, regurgitant volume; <em>RF</em>, regurgitant fraction.</li></ul>
| colspan="5" | <ul>
<sup>&lowast;</sup> LV size applied only to chronic lesions. Normal 2D measurements: LV minor axis &le; 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, LV end-diastolic volume &le; 82 ml/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal LA antero-posterior diameter &le; 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal <br/>LA volume &le; 36 ml/m<sup>2</sup> (2;33;35).
<li><em>CW</em>, Continuous wave; <em>EROA</em>, effective regurgitant orifice area; <em>LA</em>, left atrium; <em>LV</em>, left ventricle; <em>MV</em>, mitral valve; <em>MR</em>, mitral regurgitation; <em>R Vol</em>, regurgitant volume; <em>RF</em>, regurgitant fraction.</li>
<br/>
<li><sup>&lowast;</sup> LV size applied only to chronic lesions. Normal 2D measurements: LV minor axis &le; 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, LV end-diastolic volume &le; 82 ml/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal LA antero-posterior diameter &le; 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal LA volume &le; 36 ml/m<sup>2</sup> (2;33;35).</li>
<sup>&lowast;&lowast;</sup> In the absence of other etiologies of LV and LA dilatation and acute MR.
<li><sup>&lowast;&lowast;</sup> In the absence of other etiologies of LV and LA dilatation and acute MR.</li>
<br/>
<li><sup>&psi;</sup> At a Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s.</li>
<sup>&psi;</sup> At a Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s.
<li><sup>&Phi;</sup> Usually above 50 years of age or in conditions of impaired relaxation, in the absence of mitral stenosis or other causes of elevated LA pressure.</li>
<br/>
<li><sup>&sigmaf;</sup> Minimal and large flow convergence defined as a flow convergence radius &lt; 0.4 cm and &le; 0.9 cm for central jets, respectively, with a baseline shift at a Nyquist of 40 cm/s; Cut-offs for eccentric jets are higher, and should be angle corrected (see text).</li>
<sup>&Phi;</sup> Usually above 50 years of age or in conditions of impaired relaxation, in the absence of mitral stenosis or other causes of elevated LA pressure.
<li><sup>&phi;</sup> Quantitative parameters can help sub-classify the moderate regurgitation group into mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe as shown.</li>
<br/>
</ul>
<sup>&sigmaf;</sup> Minimal and large flow convergence defined as a flow convergence radius &lt; 0.4 cm and &le; 0.9 cm for central jets, respectively, with a baseline shift at a Nyquist of 40 cm/s; Cut-offs for <br/>eccentric jets are higher, and should be angle corrected (see text).
<br/>
<sup>&phi;</sup> Quantitative parameters can help sub-classify the moderate regurgitation group into mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe as shown.


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