Tumors: Difference between revisions

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*Cover visceral and parietal pericardium, no growth in endocardium.
*Cover visceral and parietal pericardium, no growth in endocardium.
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!colspan="2"|Secondary malignant tumors
!colspan="2"|Secondary malignant tumors
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Overview location most common cardiac tumors
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="600px"
Tumor location
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left atrium
|+ Overview of the locations of the most common cardiac tumors
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!Location
!Tumor
|-
!left atrium
myxoma
myxoma
trombus
trombus
papillary fibro - elastoom
papillary fibro - elastoom
sarcoma
sarcoma
right atrium
|-
!Eight atrium
myxoma
myxoma
angiosarcoma
angiosarcoma
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trombus
trombus
papillary fibro - elastoom
papillary fibro - elastoom
left ventricular
|-
!Left ventricular
fibroma
fibroma
Rhobdomyoom
Rhobdomyoom
trombus
trombus
Papillary fibro - elastoom
Papillary fibro - elastoom
right ventricle
|-
!Right ventricle
fibroma
fibroma
Rhabdomyoom
Rhabdomyoom
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trombus
trombus
papillary fibro - elastoom
papillary fibro - elastoom
 
|}
Examples
 
 trombusRA
===Examples===
LA myxoma Thrombus RA
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="600px"
 
|-
vegetation TV
|Video
|
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!TrombusRA
!LA myxoma Thrombus RA
|-
!
!
|-
|Video
!Vegetation TV
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==References==
==References==
<biblio>
<biblio>
#1 Hamer, J.P.M. “Cardiale massa’s”, in: Hamer/Pieper, ‘Praktische echocardiografie’, (2006), 1e druk 2e oplage, Houten, Bohn Stafleu van loghum, p198-200.
#1 Hamer, J.P.M. “Cardiale massa’s”, in: Hamer/Pieper, ‘Praktische echocardiografie’, (2006), 1e druk 2e oplage, Houten, Bohn Stafleu van loghum, p.198-207.
#2 Pieper, P.G.. “Het hart als cardiale emboliebron”, in: Hamer/Pieper, ‘Praktische echocardiografie’, (2006), 1e druk 2e oplage, Houten, Bohn Stafleu van loghum, p.208-212.
</biblio>
</biblio>

Revision as of 19:31, 17 January 2014

Benign tumors

Usually, a cardiac tumor is benign in nature. A benign tumor has a good prognosis at thrombi. Vegetations and some tumors are the most at risk embolism.

(Primary) Benign tumors
Myxoma
  • Most common primary cardiac tumor (50-75%).
  • Location: 90% atrial (LA 75%), 7% ventricular.
  • Size: 1 - 15cm (usually 5 - 6cm)
Fibroma
  • The second most common primary cardiac tumor.
  • Location: Almost always ventricular (septal or apical).

Size: ± 10cm.

Papillary fibroelastoma
  • Most common valve tumor.
  • Location: whole heart, usually aortic valve (35%).
  • Size: ± 1cm.
Lipoma
  • Usually, on the basis of the endocardium.
  • Location: whole heart including valves and pericardium.
  • Size: up to ± 10cm.
Rhabdomyoma
  • Most common benign cardiac tumor in children.
  • Location: usually ventricular, no valve involvement.
  • Size: 1mm - 9cm.
Hemangioma
  • Tumor blood, proliferation endothelial cells
  • Location: whole heart
Lambl's excrescences
  • Valvular choir dd. fibroelastoma, thrombus, vegetation.
  • Location: ventricular side of aortic valve.
  • Size: ± 1cm
Cysts
  • Congenital unnatural body cavity delimited by epithelium.
  • Location: usually in the right atrium (right cardiophrenic corner).
Thrombi
  • Clots of blood by slow blood flow.
  • Location: Left atrial appendage in atrial fibrillation, akinetic myocardial infarction or cardiomyopathies, prosthetic valves or infectious valves, atrial septal ASD/PFO.

 

Malignant tumors

Primary malignant tumors are very rare. The most common malignant cardiac tumors are secondary tumors derived from primary diseases (see below). 3% of all patients with cancer receive cardiac metastases through the four " pathways": direct infiltration, haematogenically (through blood), lymph vessels (VCI, pulmonary veins). Malignant tumors have a poor prognosis: In malignant tumors the major risk is of the malignancy itself.

Primary malignant tumors
Angiosarcoma
  • Most common primary malignant cardiac tumor
  • Location: 90% right atrium
Rhabdomyosarcoma
  • Second most common primary malignant cardiac tumor, often in children than adults
  • Location: whole heart
Mesothelioma
  • Cover visceral and parietal pericardium, no growth in endocardium.
Secondary malignant tumors
Metastases
  • Melanoma
  • Lung Cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Sarcoma
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Leukemia
  • Lymphoma
  • Oesophagus cancer
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Thyroid cancer
Overview of the locations of the most common cardiac tumors
Location Tumor
left atrium

myxoma trombus papillary fibro - elastoom sarcoma

Eight atrium

myxoma angiosarcoma lymphoma trombus papillary fibro - elastoom

Left ventricular

fibroma Rhobdomyoom trombus Papillary fibro - elastoom

Right ventricle

fibroma Rhabdomyoom angiosarcoma lymphoma trombus papillary fibro - elastoom

Examples

Video
TrombusRA LA myxoma Thrombus RA
Video Vegetation TV

References

  1. Hamer, J.P.M. “Cardiale massa’s”, in: Hamer/Pieper, ‘Praktische echocardiografie’, (2006), 1e druk 2e oplage, Houten, Bohn Stafleu van loghum, p.198-207.

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